| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
ATP dipotassium does not have a single specific biological target but is a ubiquitous molecule involved in numerous cellular processes. It is the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various metabolic reactions. It also acts as a signaling molecule by binding to purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y receptors). As an endogenous metabolite, it is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and inflammation. |
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| ln Vitro |
The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HGFs is synergistically affected by co-treatment with ATP dipotassium (5 mM; 1 hour) and LPS (1 μg/mL)[3]. BMDMs secrete IL-1β, KC, and MIP-2 in response to ATP dipotassium (2 mM; 0.5-24 hours) in a way that is dependent on caspase-1 activation[4]. In vitro neutrophil chemotaxis is facilitated by ATP dipotassium[4].
In vitro studies have demonstrated that ATP dipotassium (5 mM; 1 hour) co-treatment with LPS (1 µg/mL) has a synergistic effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human gingival fibroblasts. ATP dipotassium (2 mM; 0.5-24 hours) induces secretion of IL-1β, KC, and MIP-2 from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a caspase-1 activation-dependent manner. ATP dipotassium also promotes neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo protection from bacterial infection in mice is provided by ATP dipotassium (50 mg/kg; ip)[4]. In vivo, ATP dipotassium triggers the release of IL-1β, KC, and MIP-2 as well as the recruitment of neutrophils[4].
In vivo studies have shown that ATP dipotassium (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) protects mice against bacterial infection in vivo. It induces the secretion of IL-1β, KC, and MIP-2 and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. In a study using four-week-old Kunming mice (18-22 g), ATP dipotassium (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) before bacterial (E. coli) challenge protected mice from bacterial infection. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for ATP dipotassium typically involve studying its role as a substrate or cofactor for various enzymes. Kinase assays use ATP as a phosphate donor to measure kinase activity. ATPase assays measure the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. The compound is also used in luciferase-based assays to measure ATP levels as an indicator of cell viability and metabolic activity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using ATP dipotassium typically involve treatment of cultured cells with the compound to study its effects on cellular signaling and metabolism. ATP is used to stimulate purinergic receptors and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. It is also used in cell viability assays (e.g., CellTiter-Glo) where ATP levels are measured as an indicator of metabolically active cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Four- week-old Kunming mice (18-22 g)[4]
Doses: 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip)injection, before bacterial (E. coli) challenge Experimental Results: Protected mice from bacterial infection. In vivo animal studies using ATP dipotassium typically involve administration to animal models to study its effects on inflammation, immune response, and metabolism. In a study, ATP dipotassium (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) was administered to mice before bacterial challenge to study its protective effects against infection. The compound induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
ATP dipotassium has a molecular formula of C10H16K2N5O13P3 and a molecular weight of 585.38. The CAS number is 42373-41-1. The compound should be stored at -20°C, stored under nitrogen. In solvent, it can be stored at -80°C for 6 months or at -20°C for 1 month (stored under nitrogen). It is soluble in water and other aqueous solutions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of ATP dipotassium is not extensively characterized, as it is a naturally occurring nucleotide. At physiological levels, it is essential for cellular function. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for therapeutic use in humans. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
ATP dipotassium (adenosine 5'-triphosphate dipotassium) (CAS 42373-41-1) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. It provides metabolic energy and serves as a coenzyme in cells. It is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation. It has a molecular formula of C10H16K2N5O13P3 and a molecular weight of 585.38.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H16K2N5O13P3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
585.38
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| Exact Mass |
582.908
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| CAS # |
42373-41-1
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| Related CAS # |
ATP;56-65-5;ATP disodium trihydrate;51963-61-2;ATP ditromethamine;102047-34-7;ATP-13C dilithium;ATP-15N5,d14 dilithium;ATP-d14 dilithium;ATP-15N5 dilithium;ATP-13C10 dilithium
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| PubChem CID |
87469918
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Source |
Originated from plants: other families
Originated from animals Endogenously produced metabolite: widespread |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
789
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)[O-])O)O)N.[K+].[K+]
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| InChi Key |
MRTZQELCVZCIFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3.2K/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20;;/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20);
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| Chemical Name |
C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N.[K].[K]
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| Synonyms |
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate dipotassium
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 70 mg/mL (~119.6 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7083 mL | 8.5415 mL | 17.0829 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3417 mL | 1.7083 mL | 3.4166 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1708 mL | 0.8541 mL | 1.7083 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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