| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a potent parathyroid hormone receptor agonist, this compound selectively targets and activates the type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R). PTH1R is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in tissues including bone and kidney, playing a central role in homeostatic control of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Through PTH1R activation, it regulates calcium and phosphate flux across cellular membranes in bone and kidney, resulting in increased serum calcium levels and modulation of both osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In a dose-dependent manner, parathyroid hormone (1-34) and bovine (0.1-100 ng/mL; 2–20 days) decrease osteoblast growth in the medium. After bPTH withdrawal, a rebound of proliferation is seen in the PTH Day 1–10 group. In another group, bPTH are supplied to the culture media from day 1 to day 10, but not from days 11 to 20[1]. The levels of calcium and phosphorus in culture medium are affected differently by parathyroid hormone (1-34) and bovine (0.1-100 ng/mL; 2–20 days). Over the course of the experiment, the PTH-C 100 ng/mL group's culture medium included higher levels of calcium and phosphorus[1].
In vitro studies demonstrate that Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine (0.1-100 ng/mL; 2-20 days) inhibits osteoblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. When bPTH is added to culture medium only from day 1 to day 10 (with withdrawal from days 11 to 20), a rebound in proliferation is observed after bPTH withdrawal. This compound also induces significant effects on calcium and phosphorus content in culture medium, with the 100 ng/mL treatment group exhibiting higher calcium and phosphorus levels compared to controls. Additionally, it increases the production of inhibitory IGF binding protein 4 in bone cells. |
| ln Vivo |
In both groups of elderly animals, subcutaneous injection of parathyroid hormone (1-34) (80 μg/kg for five days) raises serum osteocalcin concentrations but does not alter serum levels of calcium or inorganic phosphate. When compared to the sex-matched vehicle-treated controls, the PTH-treated senile female rats had considerably greater serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations[1].
In vivo studies in aged rats show that subcutaneous injection of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine (80 μg/kg; 5 days) significantly increases serum osteocalcin concentrations, indicating enhanced bone formation activity, while also elevating serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels without altering serum inorganic phosphate or calcium concentrations. In ruminants (calves, goats), intravenous infusion of this compound (3 ng/kg/min) induces hypercalcemia and modulates plasma vitamin D metabolite levels. Intermittent administration exhibits bone anabolic effects, making it suitable for osteoporosis research. |
| Enzyme Assay |
As a PTH receptor agonist, binding affinity of this compound is typically determined using competitive binding assays. Common protocols utilize radiolabeled tracers (e.g., ¹²⁵I-labeled PTH analogs) incubated with membrane preparations expressing PTH1R. Varying concentrations of unlabeled compound compete with the tracer for receptor binding, and IC₅₀ values are calculated by measuring the reduction in bound radioactivity. Specific buffer systems and incubation conditions should be referenced from relevant literature.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell assays typically employ osteoblast models. Using neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts as an example, cells are seeded in culture plates and treated with varying concentrations of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine (e.g., 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL) at 37°C in 5% CO₂ for 2 to 20 days. Medium containing the compound is replaced regularly during treatment. Cell proliferation is assessed by cell counting or MTT assay, and culture medium is collected to measure calcium and phosphorus content. In withdrawal experiments, cells are treated for 10 days followed by 10 days without the compound to observe post-withdrawal effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy studies commonly use aged female rat models. Aged female rats receive daily subcutaneous injections of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine (80 μg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, while control animals receive vehicle treatment. At study termination, blood samples are collected for measurement of serum osteocalcin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations by ELISA, with simultaneous monitoring of serum calcium and phosphate levels. An alternative model utilizes thyroparathyroidectomized goats receiving intravenous infusion (3 ng/kg/min) to evaluate correction of hypocalcemia.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Based on studies of human PTH(1-34) in animal models, this peptide hormone exhibits dose-dependent disposition following intravenous or intraportal administration. In rats, dogs, and monkeys, dose-proportional increases in exposure parameters such as Cmax and AUC have been observed, along with dose-dependent clearance and half-life. This compound undergoes hepatic first-pass extraction, with rat liver extraction rates of 71% at low dose (2 μg/kg) decreasing to <1% at high dose (100 μg/kg), indicating saturable hepatic extraction. The product is supplied as a lyophilized powder and should be stored at -20°C protected from light and moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
This product is for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic applications. Based on the general safety profile of PTH analogs, common adverse reactions in clinical studies include injection site reactions and gastrointestinal effects. Notably, long-term high-dose use of PTH-class drugs has been associated with an increased risk of osteosarcoma in rats, though this is rarely reported in humans.
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| References |
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| Molecular Formula |
C185H289F3N54O52S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
4222.79
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| Related CAS # |
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine;12583-68-5
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC5=CN=CN5)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC6=CC=CC=C6)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CN
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| Synonyms |
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine trifluoroacetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2368 mL | 1.1841 mL | 2.3681 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0474 mL | 0.2368 mL | 0.4736 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0237 mL | 0.1184 mL | 0.2368 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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