| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Endothelin-1[1]
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) targets the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR‑A, also known as guanylyl cyclase A or GC‑A). Upon binding to NPR‑A on the surface of target cells (primarily in the kidneys, adrenal glands, vasculature and brain), ANP activates the receptor's intrinsic guanylyl cyclase domain, increasing intracellular cGMP levels. cGMP then activates protein kinase G (PKG), leading to natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. |
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| ln Vitro |
The primary circulating forms of ANP and BNP in rats, rat ANP(1-28) and rat BNP-45, respectively, potently suppressed Ang II-stimulated endothelin-1 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Rat ANP(5-25) has a lower inhibitory impact on immunoreactive (ir)-endothelin-1 secretion and a higher cellular cyclic GMP than Rat ANP (1-28). Ir-endothelin-1 secretion is inhibited by rat ANP(1-28) in a concentration-dependent manner between 0.01 and 1 μM[1].
In cell‑free membrane preparations expressing NPR‑A (GC‑A), rat ANP (1‑28) TFA stimulates guanylyl cyclase activity in a concentration‑dependent manner (EC50 typically in the low nanomolar range, e.g., 1‑10 nM). The peptide binds to NPR‑A with high affinity (Kd ~1‑5 nM) and is at least 100‑fold selective for NPR‑A over NPR‑B (GC‑B, the CNP receptor). It does not activate soluble guanylyl cyclase. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, rat ANP (1‑28) TFA produces dose‑dependent natriuresis, diuresis, hypotension and inhibition of aldosterone secretion in rats and other rodent models following intravenous administration (typical dose range: 0.1‑10 ug/kg/min by infusion). The peptide has a short duration of action (minutes) due to rapid degradation by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and receptor‑mediated clearance. It is used as a pharmacological tool to study the role of the natriuretic peptide system in blood pressure regulation, fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular disease.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard NPR‑A guanylyl cyclase activity assay: Membranes prepared from cells overexpressing human or rat NPR‑A are incubated with rat ANP (1‑28) TFA (0.1 nM‑1 uM) in assay buffer (50 mM Tris‑HCl pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM GTP, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM IBMX to inhibit phosphodiesterase) at 37degC for 10‑15 min. The reaction is terminated by boiling. cGMP produced is quantified using a competitive cGMP ELISA or radioimmunoassay (RIA). EC50 values are calculated from concentration‑response curves. Control incubations without peptide determine basal guanylyl cyclase activity.
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| Cell Assay |
A general cellular cGMP accumulation assay: Rat aortic smooth muscle cells, primary glomerular mesangial cells, or NPR‑A‑transfected HEK293 cells are seeded in 96‑well plates (2×10⁴ cells/well) and serum‑starved overnight. Cells are pre‑treated with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (e.g., IBMX 100 uM, zaprinast) for 10 min to prevent cGMP degradation, then stimulated with rat ANP (1‑28) TFA (0.01 nM‑1 uM) for 10‑30 min at 37degC. The reaction is terminated by aspirating the medium and adding lysis buffer. cGMP concentration in the lysate is measured by a competitive ELISA or HTRF cGMP kit. EC50 values are typically in the low nanomolar range.
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| Animal Protocol |
A general animal protocol for assessing ANP‑induced natriuresis/diuresis: Male Sprague‑Dawley rats (250‑300 g, n=6/group) are anaesthetised with inactin (100 mg/kg i.p.) and prepared for urine collection by cannulating the bladder. A continuous infusion of saline (20 uL/min) is given via a femoral vein catheter for a 60 min equilibration period. After baseline urine collection (30 min), rat ANP (1‑28) TFA is administered as an intravenous bolus (1‑10 ug/kg) or as a continuous infusion (0.1‑1 ug/kg/min for 60 min). Urine volume is measured gravimetrically, and urinary sodium and potassium concentrations are measured by flame photometry or ion‑selective electrodes. Blood pressure is monitored via an arterial catheter (carotid or femoral artery). ANP increases urine output and sodium excretion (natriuresis) and decreases mean arterial pressure (hypotension) in a dose‑dependent manner.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a 28‑amino acid peptide, rat ANP (1‑28) TFA has a very short plasma half‑life (approximately 1‑3 min in rodents) due to rapid degradation by neutral endopeptidase (NEP, also known as neprilysin, CD10) and clearance by NPR‑A‑mediated internalisation and degradation. The TFA salt provides good water solubility (>5 mg/mL) and facilitates formulation in saline or PBS for intravenous infusion. ANP is not orally bioavailable and is administered parenterally. For ex vivo assays, the peptide is added directly to cells or tissue homogenates.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Rat ANP (1‑28) TFA is a research‑grade peptide and is not intended for human therapeutic use. The peptide is generally well‑tolerated at the concentrations used in vitro (0.1 nM‑1 uM). In vivo, the major dose‑limiting effect is hypotension, which is reversible. At high doses (e.g., >100 ug/kg bolus in rats), severe hypotension may occur. Standard laboratory safety practices (gloves, lab coat) should be used when handling. No genotoxicity or carcinogenicity data are available for this research peptide.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Rat ANP (1‑28) has the peptide sequence SLRRSSCFGGRMDRIGAQSGLGCNSFRY (with a disulfide bridge between the two cysteine residues that forms a 17‑amino acid ring structure). This peptide corresponds to the circulating form of ANP in the rat, which is identical to human ANP in the first 17 amino acids but differs at the N‑terminus. Rat ANP (1‑28) is frequently used as a pharmacological tool to study the biology of the cardiac natriuretic peptide system, including blood pressure regulation, cardiac function and renal salt handling. The peptide is also used to investigate the mechanisms of heart failure and as a positive control in assays screening for NPR‑A agonists or NEP inhibitors. For research use only; not for human or therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C130H206N45F3O41S2
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| Molecular Weight |
3176.43
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| Related CAS # |
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) (1-28), rat;88898-17-3
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.3148 mL | 1.5741 mL | 3.1482 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0630 mL | 0.3148 mL | 0.6296 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0315 mL | 0.1574 mL | 0.3148 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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