| Size | Price | |
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| 1mg | ||
| 5mg | ||
| 10mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Chlorotoxin(linear) targets specific chloride channels and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) isoforms that are overexpressed in tumor cells, particularly gliomas. It also functions as a chloride channel blocker. The linear form is used to study peptide-receptor interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Chlorotoxin(linear) is used to study chloride channel function and MMP-2 binding. It has reduced activity compared to the native, disulfide-bridged form but is a valuable tool for mapping essential residues involved in tumor cell recognition and for SAR analyses.
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| ln Vivo |
Chlorotoxin(linear) is used in animal models to investigate tumor-targeting mechanisms, imaging probes, and drug-delivery systems. The linear analog helps clarify the contribution of peptide conformation to tumor targeting and specificity. It shows insecticidal activity on invertebrates.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro binding assays, Chlorotoxin(linear) is used to study its interaction with MMP-2 or chloride channels. Binding affinity is determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with immobilized target proteins. Competition assays with the native peptide can be performed.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, glioma cells (e.g., U87-MG) are incubated with Chlorotoxin(linear) conjugated to a fluorophore. The binding and uptake are visualized by fluorescence microscopy. For functional studies, chloride channel activity is measured by patch-clamp electrophysiology in the presence of the linear peptide.
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| Animal Protocol |
For animal studies, Chlorotoxin(linear) is typically conjugated to imaging agents (e.g., near-infrared dyes) or drug carriers. Tumor-bearing mice are injected intravenously with the conjugate (e.g., 0.1-1 mg/kg). Tumor accumulation and biodistribution are assessed by fluorescence imaging or tissue analysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chlorotoxin(linear) has a molecular weight of 4004.76 Da. As a linear peptide, it is more susceptible to proteolytic degradation in vivo compared to the native, disulfide-bridged form. The linear form is used primarily as a tool for in vitro and ex vivo studies rather than for systemic in vivo applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Chlorotoxin(linear) is a research-grade peptide. At standard research doses, it is considered non-toxic. The linear form is less stable and may be more prone to aggregation. Standard safety precautions for handling peptides (e.g., avoiding inhalation, skin contact) should be followed.
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| Additional Infomation |
Chlorotoxin(linear) is a 36-amino acid peptide with the sequence: MCMPCFTTDHQMARKCDDCCGGKGRGKCYGPQCLCR-NH2. It is typically supplied with a purity of ≥95% as a lyophilized powder. Store at -20degC. It is used in neurobiology, cancer biology, and ion channel research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C158H256N52O48S11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
4004.76
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| Related CAS # |
Chlorotoxin TFA;Chlorotoxin;163515-35-3
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~100 mg/mL (~24.97 mM)
H2O :≥ 100 mg/mL (~24.97 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2497 mL | 1.2485 mL | 2.4970 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0499 mL | 0.2497 mL | 0.4994 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0250 mL | 0.1249 mL | 0.2497 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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