| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
κ Opioid Receptor/KOR
kappa-opioid receptor (KOR); functions as an agonist; also has weak activity at micro- and delta-opioid receptors. |
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| ln Vitro |
The highly powerful opioid peptide dysorphin B(1–13) is made up of 13 amino acids. Extensive research efforts have been made to investigate the neurophysiological effects of dynorphin B(1–13).
Dynorphin B (1-13) TFA is an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide at the kappa-opioid receptor with high affinity (Ki in the nanomolar range). It modulates pain perception, stress responses, and neuroendocrine function. It also blocks NMDA-activated currents with an IC50 of 42.0 microM (non-opioid action). |
| ln Vivo |
As an endogenous kappa-opioid receptor agonist, Dynorphin B (1-13) produces analgesic effects (spinal and supraspinal) in rodent pain models, but can also produce aversive and dysphoric effects at higher doses. It regulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and plays a role in stress-induced behaviors.
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| Enzyme Assay |
kappa-Opioid receptor binding affinity (Ki) is measured by competitive radioligand binding using [3H]-U69,593 or [3H]-bremazocine and membranes from CHO or HEK293 cells expressing human kappa-opioid receptor. Non-specific binding is determined with 10 microM naloxone.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary cultured neurons (striatal or hippocampal) or kappa-opioid receptor-expressing CHO cells are treated with Dynorphin B (1-13) (0.1-1000 nM); intracellular calcium is measured by fluorometry; cAMP accumulation (Gi/o-coupled inhibition) is measured by HTRF; cell viability is assessed by MTT.
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| Animal Protocol |
Rats or mice are administered Dynorphin B (1-13) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection (1-10 nmol) or intrathecal (IT) injection (0.5-5 nmol). Analgesia is measured by tail-flick or hot-plate tests; place conditioning measures aversive effects; dopamine release is measured by microdialysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable; as a peptide, Dynorphin B (1-13) has very poor oral bioavailability and a short plasma half-life (minutes) due to rapid proteolytic degradation. It is typically administered directly into the CNS (ICV, IT) for in vivo experiments.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data available; at high doses, kappa-opioid receptor agonists produce sedation, diuresis, and dysphoria. Dynorphins may also cause neurotoxicity via non-opioid NMDA receptor-mediated mechanisms. For research use only, not for human administration.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Dynorphin B (1-13) TFA is a research-grade peptide tool for studying kappa-opioid receptor signaling, pain modulation, stress responses, and addiction. It has no clinical trial status or marketing approval. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C76H116N21F3O19
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1684.86
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| Related CAS # |
Dynorphin B (1-13);83335-41-5
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :≥ 50 mg/mL (~29.68 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5935 mL | 2.9676 mL | 5.9352 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1187 mL | 0.5935 mL | 1.1870 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0594 mL | 0.2968 mL | 0.5935 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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