| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ethyl maltol-d5 does not have a classical biological target like a receptor or enzyme, as it is primarily a food flavoring agent. It acts as a metal chelator, particularly for copper (Cu2+) and iron (Fe3+) ions. The compound's hydroxyl and ketone groups coordinate with metal ions, which contributes to its flavor-enhancing properties and also mediates its biological effects including copper-mediated cytotoxicity.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as tracers for quantification throughout the drug development process. Due to its potential to alter the pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of medications, deuteration has drawn attention[1].
In vitro, ethyl maltol-d5 is not typically studied for bioactivity independent of its parent compound. Unlabeled ethyl maltol enhances copper-mediated cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells (e.g., A549 human lung carcinoma cells) and induces apoptosis. It acts as a metal chelator, forming complexes with copper and iron that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress. The compound also shows antioxidant properties at lower concentrations. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo toxicology studies in mice and rats demonstrate that ethyl maltol is well-tolerated with low systemic toxicity. The median lethal dose (LD50) in mice is 743.88 mg/kg, which classifies it as low toxicity according to standard classifications. In rats and dogs, ethyl maltol exhibits low toxicity, with no significant adverse effects at typical food additive exposure levels. It can enhance copper-mediated toxicity when metal ions are present.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In metal chelation assays, incubate ethyl maltol-d5 (1-100 uM) with CuSO4 or FeCl3 (10-50 uM) in reaction buffer (20 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, pH 7.2) for 10-30 minutes at 25degC. Monitor complex formation by UV-Vis spectroscopy: ethyl maltol-copper complex shows characteristic absorbance at 270-300 nm. For isotope-based quantification, use as internal standard spiked into food or biological matrices before LC-MS/MS analysis. Calculate recovery and matrix effects for method validation.
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| Cell Assay |
Culture A549 lung epithelial cells in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Treat cells with ethyl maltol-d5 (10-500 uM) or unlabeled ethyl maltol in the presence of CuSO4 (10-100 uM) for 12-48 hours. Assess cell viability by MTT or CCK-8 assays. Measure apoptosis by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining or by caspase-3/7 activity assays. Quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. For isotope tracing studies, use ethyl maltol-d5 as a tracer to track compound uptake and metabolism by LC-MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
For acute toxicity studies, administer ethyl maltol or ethyl maltol-d5 to ICR mice via oral gavage at doses of 100-2000 mg/kg (for unlabeled compound) or at lower tracer doses (1-10 mg/kg) for deuterated form. For PK studies, collect blood at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours post-administration. Prepare plasma samples by protein precipitation (acetonitrile or methanol), centrifuge, and analyze supernatant by LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions specific for ethyl maltol-d5 and its metabolites.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Deuterium substitution can alter the pharmacokinetic properties of compounds due to kinetic isotope effects. For the d5 analog, slower metabolic clearance may be expected compared to the non-deuterated parent. Unlabeled ethyl maltol is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with Cmax reached within 30-60 minutes, widely distributed in tissues, and primarily excreted in urine as glucuronide conjugates. The half-life in rodents is approximately 1-3 hours.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ethyl maltol exhibits very low acute toxicity with an oral LD50 in rats > 1000 mg/kg and in mice of 743.88 mg/kg. It is considered safe as a food additive (GRAS status by FDA). The compound is less toxic to rats and dogs than to mice. At high concentrations, copper-mediated cytotoxicity can be enhanced, leading to apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. No genotoxicity or carcinogenicity has been reported at typical exposure levels. Inhalation of dust should be avoided.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ethyl maltol-d5 is a stable isotope-labeled compound used primarily as an internal standard for quantitative analysis of ethyl maltol by GC-MS or LC-MS in food safety testing, pharmacokinetic studies, and environmental monitoring. The molecular formula is C7H3D5O3 with molecular weight of 149.17 (compared to 144.17 for unlabeled ethyl maltol). The compound is stable and should be stored at -20degC, protected from light. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H5D5O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
159.19
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| Related CAS # |
Ethyl maltol;4940-11-8
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.2818 mL | 31.4090 mL | 62.8180 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2564 mL | 6.2818 mL | 12.5636 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6282 mL | 3.1409 mL | 6.2818 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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