| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DNA (as a substrate). As a DNA adduct, its primary target is the DNA molecule itself, specifically where it can interfere with DNA replication and transcription. It may also serve as a substrate or marker for specific DNA repair enzymes (like ALKBH homologs or other dioxygenases) that demethylate DNA lesions. It does not have a classical pharmacological receptor target.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
N1-Methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine is a DNA adduct formed by methylating agents. In vitro, it can be incorporated into synthetic DNA oligonucleotides to study how it alters DNA structure and how it is recognized by DNA polymerases and repair enzymes. It can be used to assess the activity of DNA repair enzymes, such as human AlkB homolog (ALKBH) proteins, which can demethylate this lesion in a substrate-dependent assay.
|
| ln Vivo |
This compound is not used in in vivo efficacy studies as a therapeutic agent. However, it is used as a biomarker of DNA damage. In animal models exposed to DNA-damaging agents (e.g., methyl methanesulfonate, MMS, or nitrosamines), the levels of N1-Methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine in tissues (e.g., liver, kidney) can be quantified by LC-MS/MS to assess the extent of DNA alkylation damage and the efficacy of DNA repair processes.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
This assay measures the repair activity of ALKBH enzymes on N1-Methyl-dA. A non-cellular (cell-free) enzyme assay is used to measure the demethylation activity of a purified DNA repair enzyme on an oligonucleotide substrate containing this adduct. A fluorescently labeled or radiolabeled oligonucleotide containing a single N1-Methyl-dA is incubated with the purified enzyme (e.g., ALKBH2 or ALKBH3) in a reaction buffer with cofactors (e.g., 2-oxoglutarate, Fe2+, ascorbate). The reaction is stopped, and the product (the demethylated oligonucleotide) is separated and quantified by HPLC or mass spectrometry to determine enzyme kinetics (kcat, Km).
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays are used to measure the genotoxicity of methylating agents and the cellular repair capacity. For example, cells are treated with a methylating agent (e.g., MMS). After a recovery period, genomic DNA is extracted and hydrolyzed. The hydrolysate is analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify the levels of N1-Methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine as a marker of DNA damage. The persistence of this adduct over time indicates the cellular capacity for its repair.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are designed to assess DNA damage and repair. A typical study involves treating mice with a single dose of a genotoxic compound (e.g., MMS, 50 mg/kg, i.p.). Groups of mice are euthanized at various time points (e.g., 1, 6, 24, 48 hours) post-treatment. Tissues (e.g., liver, kidney, lung) are harvested, and DNA is extracted, purified, and enzymatically hydrolyzed to nucleosides. The levels of N1-Methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine are then quantified by a sensitive LC-MS/MS method and compared to untreated controls. This time-course study reveals the formation and repair kinetics of the adduct in vivo.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a DNA adduct standard, this compound's own PK is not relevant. Its utility is in the study of the PK of DNA damage. For a methylating agent, the pharmacokinetic profile (e.g., Cmax, AUC) in plasma and tissues will correlate with the formation of this adduct in DNA. The adduct itself can be measured in biological samples to serve as a biomarker of exposure to methylating agents, and its half-life in DNA provides a measure of the repair rate.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for N1-Methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine is not relevant as it is a DNA damage marker, not a therapeutic agent. However, the presence of this adduct is itself a sign of DNA damage and is potentially mutagenic. During DNA replication, this lesion can cause base mispairing (e.g., with T or G), leading to point mutations. Its accumulation is associated with the genotoxic effects of various chemicals and is an important endpoint in genetic toxicology.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This compound is a key analytical standard for researchers studying DNA damage and repair. The N1-methylation of adenosine in DNA is a common lesion caused by environmental alkylating agents and some chemotherapeutic drugs. Quantification of this adduct is a standard technique to assess the efficacy of DNA repair pathways, particularly those mediated by the ALKBH family of dioxygenases. It is strictly a research tool and is not used therapeutically.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C11H15N5O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
265.27
|
| Exact Mass |
265.117
|
| CAS # |
60192-55-4
|
| PubChem CID |
129889465
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
19
|
| Complexity |
404
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
CN1C=NC2=C(C1=N)N=CN2[C@H]3C[C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O
|
| InChi Key |
AYVJNJNKPVUEGT-XLPZGREQSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H15N5O3/c1-15-4-14-11-9(10(15)12)13-5-16(11)8-2-6(18)7(3-17)19-8/h4-8,12,17-18H,2-3H2,1H3/t6-,7+,8+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(6-imino-1-methylpurin-9-yl)oxolan-3-ol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7697 mL | 18.8487 mL | 37.6974 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7539 mL | 3.7697 mL | 7.5395 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3770 mL | 1.8849 mL | 3.7697 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
