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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary "target" of NAD+ is its role as a ubiquitous coenzyme. It is a substrate for several enzyme families, including PARPs (Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerases), sirtuins, and CD38. NAD+ acts as a co-factor for hundreds of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism, including dehydrogenases involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an impact on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic profile, it has drawn attention [1].
This isotopically labeled compound itself has no independent biological activity. Its purpose is as an analytical standard. The unlabeled compound, NAD+, is an essential endogenous metabolite found in all living cells. It is the primary electron carrier in redox reactions, shuttling electrons between metabolic pathways, and is also a substrate for signaling enzymes that regulate cellular homeostasis, DNA repair, and stress responses. |
| ln Vivo |
NAD+-13C5 is not used for in vivo efficacy studies. It is a tracer used to study the in vivo turnover and metabolism of the NAD+ metabolome. In animal studies, it can be infused to track the incorporation of the labeled carbons into various metabolites via mass spectrometry, providing insights into the flux and utilization of NAD+ under different physiological or pathological conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular (cell-free) assays for NAD+ usually involve measuring the activity of NAD+-dependent enzymes (e.g., SIRT1, PARP1) in a biochemical assay. For example, a SIRT1 assay involves incubating the purified enzyme with a fluorogenic peptide substrate and NAD+. The labeled standard, NAD+-13C5, is not used in the assay itself but is added to the samples after the reaction, before analysis by LC-MS, to serve as an internal standard for the accurate measurement of the amount of NAD+ consumed or the product (e.g., 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose) formed.
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| Cell Assay |
NAD+-13C5 is not used to treat cells to observe a biological effect, but rather as a tool for metabolomics. A typical experiment would involve growing cells in culture, then exposing them to a stressor (e.g., DNA damage or nutrient deprivation). At various time points, cellular metabolites are extracted. A fixed amount of NAD+-13C5 is added to each sample as an internal standard. The samples are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine the absolute concentration of the endogenous NAD+ pool by comparing the signal of the endogenous NAD+ to the signal from the known quantity of the spiked-in labeled standard.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo isotope-tracing studies, mice are typically administered a bolus of NAD+-13C5 via intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. At serial time points (e.g., 5 minutes to 24 hours post-injection), blood is collected, and tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, brain, adipose tissue) are harvested and flash-frozen. Metabolites are extracted from these tissues and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or high-resolution mass spectrometry to track the distribution and metabolic fate of the labeled NAD+.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The stable isotope labeling of NAD+ with 13C is not intended to alter its pharmacokinetic properties but rather to allow its precise quantification by mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic properties of the natural (unlabeled) NAD+ are not typically studied as it is an endogenous metabolite. However, when administered exogenously, it is rapidly metabolized and has a very short half-life in circulation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
NAD+-13C5 is a research-grade chemical and is not used for toxicological assessments. The natural compound, NAD+, is an endogenous, essential molecule and has no inherent toxicity. Extensive toxicology data on the labeled standard is not required for its use as an analytical reagent, and it is handled under standard laboratory safety protocols for non-toxic chemicals.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.
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| Additional Infomation |
Stable isotope labeling (13C) does not change the physicochemical properties of NAD+. It is used primarily in the fields of metabolomics and flux analysis. This labeled standard is a critical tool for accurately quantifying NAD+ levels and studying its dynamic turnover in health and disease. Its use has become increasingly important in research on aging, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration, where NAD+ depletion is a key feature.
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| Molecular Formula |
C1613C5H30N8O14P2
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| Related CAS # |
NAD+;53-84-9;NAD+-d4
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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