| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HIV-1
No specific biological target. The TAT peptide functions as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) that mediates the delivery of conjugated cargo across the plasma membrane via a non-toxic, energy-dependent or independent mechanism. It interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and other membrane components to facilitate cellular uptake. |
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| ln Vitro |
The trans-activating transcriptional activator (Tat) from HIV-1 is the source of the cell penetrating peptide known as TAT peptide (TFA) (GRKKRRQRRRPQ)[1]. Because TAT peptide (TFA)(GRKKRRQRRRPQ) functionalized hybrid nanoparticles combine optical detection and magnetic enrichment for quick and easy cell labeling, they are also being explored. An
TAT peptide TFA efficiently translocates across cell membranes and delivers conjugated cargoes into the cytoplasm and nucleus of a wide range of cell types. In vitro, it is used to study intracellular protein function, deliver therapeutic molecules, and evaluate endocytic pathways. The peptide retains its transduction activity after covalent attachment to cargo. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, TAT peptide TFA has been used to deliver various bioactive cargos, including peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, to tissues such as the brain, heart, and tumors. Systemic administration leads to broad biodistribution. It serves as a research tool for studying the therapeutic potential of intracellular protein delivery and for targeting diseases where cytosolic access is required.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. TAT peptide is not a receptor ligand. However, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be used to study its interaction with model membranes or heparin. Biotinylated TAT peptide can be immobilized on a sensor chip, and increasing concentrations of heparin or other binding partners can be injected. Binding affinity is calculated from association/dissociation rates.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular uptake assay: Cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well). Fluorescently labeled TAT peptide TFA (0.1-10 uM) is added to the culture medium and incubated for 30-120 min at 37degC. Cells are washed, fixed, and counterstained with DAPI and membrane dye. Uptake is quantified by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or a plate reader after lysing the cells. Endocytic inhibitors (e.g., cytochalasin D) can be used to study uptake mechanism.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo biodistribution model: Mice are injected intravenously or intraperitoneally with fluorescently labeled TAT peptide TFA (1-10 mg/kg). At various time points (0.5-24 h), organs (liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung) are harvested, sectioned, and imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Alternatively, radiolabeled TAT peptide is used, and organ radioactivity is counted. The peptide is used to study tissue penetration and delivery efficiency.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a synthetic peptide (MW 1563.88, TFA salt), TAT peptide has a short plasma half-life (minutes) due to rapid proteolytic degradation and renal clearance. It is typically administered via intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intrathecal injection for in vivo studies. The peptide is water-soluble and stable when stored as a lyophilized powder at -20degC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for TAT peptide TFA are limited. At standard concentrations (1-10 uM in vitro; 1-10 mg/kg in mice), it is generally non-cytotoxic and well-tolerated. High doses may cause non-specific membrane disruption or immune activation. The peptide is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Standard safety precautions for handling peptides should be observed.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
TAT peptide TFA is a research-grade cell-penetrating peptide derived from HIV-1 Tat. It has not entered clinical trials or received regulatory approval for human therapeutic use. It is a widely used tool in drug delivery, molecular imaging, and intracellular targeting. The sequence is YGRKKRRQRRR-NH2 or YGRKKRRQRRR (commonly). For research use only. Store at -20degC, protected from light and moisture.
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| Molecular Formula |
C67H125F3N34O17
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| Molecular Weight |
1735.93
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| Related CAS # |
TAT peptide
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :≥ 50 mg/mL (~28.80 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5761 mL | 2.8803 mL | 5.7606 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1152 mL | 0.5761 mL | 1.1521 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0576 mL | 0.2880 mL | 0.5761 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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