| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
MLCK[1].
The primary molecular target of 16-38-Thymosin beta4 is Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK). It acts as a high-affinity activator of MLCK that does not depend on Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM). It does not bind actin, unlike the full-length Tbeta4 which is an actin-sequestering peptide. By activating MLCK, this fragment plays a crucial role in regulating myosin II activity and downstream cellular processes like cell contraction and motility. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
16-38-Thymosin β4 cattle (50 pM) raises the percentage of phosphorylation of LC2 in a considerable way when exogenous calmodulin (CaM) is not present.
In vitro, 16-38-Thymosin beta4 (cattle) at a concentration of 50 pM significantly increases the percentage of phosphorylated LC2 (myosin regulatory light chain 2) in the absence of exogenous calmodulin (CaM). This demonstrates its direct Ca2+-independent activation of MLCK. It does not affect cell viability or adhesion but has been shown to stimulate cell migration and increase MMP2 and VEGF expression in palatal cells. |
| ln Vivo |
In animal models, Tbeta4 has been shown to accelerate wound healing in rat palatal mucosa, enhancing wound closure. It is also a key research tool for cardiac repair. In a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI), extended-release Tbeta4 administration improved the retention, survival, and regenerative potency of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (sMSCs), leading to significantly better left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increased vascular growth.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity can be measured in a cell-free system using isolated myosin or a synthetic substrate. The reaction typically contains MLCK, the protein substrate, and [gamma-32P]ATP. The incorporation of radioactive phosphate into the substrate, measured by scintillation counting, indicates MLCK activity. To test Ca2+-independence, the assay is performed in the presence of EGTA to chelate Ca2+ and in the absence of exogenous CaM.
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| Cell Assay |
In cellular assays, relevant cell types such as rat palatal (RP) cells are cultured. Cells are treated with various concentrations of the peptide (e.g., 1-1000 ng/mL) for different durations. Cell migration is assessed using a scratch wound healing assay or a Boyden chamber assay. Cell viability is measured using an MTT assay, while changes in gene and protein expression (e.g., MMP2, VEGF) are quantified via RT-qPCR and Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, a rat model of wound healing is used. Excisional wounds (e.g., 3 mm in diameter) are created on the palatal mucosa of rats. Tbeta4 is applied to the wound site, and wound closure is monitored and imaged over a period of, for example, one week. For cardiac repair, a rat myocardial infarction model is induced, and the peptide is administered in an extended-release formulation. Endpoints include functional (echocardiography) and histological assessments.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for this 16-38 peptide fragment are limited. As a peptide, its bioavailability is expected to be limited when administered orally. In research models, it is often administered locally (topical for wound healing) or via extended-release systems such as gelatin microspheres for cardiac applications to prolong its activity and overcome rapid clearance. For systemic administration, the half-life is likely very short.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No comprehensive toxicology data for this specific peptide fragment is available in standard research literature. However, in various in vitro and in vivo studies, Tbeta4 has been reported to be well-tolerated and does not affect cell viability or adhesion in cell cultures. In animal models, such as those for cardiac repair or wound healing, the peptide is typically administered locally or in a controlled-release format to minimize potential systemic adverse effects.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Full-length Thymosin beta4 is a 43-amino acid protein that is the primary G-actin sequestering peptide in eukaryotic cells. The 16-38 fragment is a Ca2+-independent MLCK activator. Its biological activities, which include promoting cell migration, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration, have led to its investigation for a variety of therapeutic applications. While the full-length protein has been explored for clinical use (e.g., for wound healing, cardiac repair), this specific fragment remains a research tool for studying MLCK-dependent signaling pathways.
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| Molecular Formula |
C118H204N32O41
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2727.07
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| Exact Mass |
2725.486
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| CAS # |
113318-05-1
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| PubChem CID |
131698047
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
2127.1±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
1240.2±37.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.649
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| LogP |
8.38
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
40
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
48
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
100
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| Heavy Atom Count |
191
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| Complexity |
6000
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
27
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N
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| InChi Key |
DWHQDYGLZODILG-BITUIJFCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C118H204N32O41/c1-10-61(6)92(112(184)137-74(37-44-89(162)163)103(175)133-70(33-40-84(126)155)100(172)135-73(36-43-88(160)161)104(176)140-77(118(190)191)30-16-22-52-124)145-115(187)95(64(9)154)148-106(178)75(38-45-90(164)165)136-98(170)67(27-13-19-49-121)132-109(181)81(58-151)144-111(183)83-32-24-53-149(83)116(188)79(56-60(4)5)143-110(182)82-31-23-54-150(82)117(189)80(57-86(128)157)142-99(171)68(28-14-20-50-122)129-102(174)72(35-42-87(158)159)134-101(173)71(34-41-85(127)156)138-113(185)94(63(8)153)147-107(179)76(39-46-91(166)167)139-114(186)93(62(7)152)146-105(177)69(29-15-21-51-123)130-97(169)66(26-12-18-48-120)131-108(180)78(55-59(2)3)141-96(168)65(125)25-11-17-47-119/h59-83,92-95,151-154H,10-58,119-125H2,1-9H3,(H2,126,155)(H2,127,156)(H2,128,157)(H,129,174)(H,130,169)(H,131,180)(H,132,181)(H,133,175)(H,134,173)(H,135,172)(H,136,170)(H,137,184)(H,138,185)(H,139,186)(H,140,176)(H,141,168)(H,142,171)(H,143,182)(H,144,183)(H,145,187)(H,146,177)(H,147,179)(H,148,178)(H,158,159)(H,160,161)(H,162,163)(H,164,165)(H,166,167)(H,190,191)/t61-,62+,63+,64+,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-,82-,83-,92-,93-,94-,95-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 50 mg/mL (18.33 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.3667 mL | 1.8335 mL | 3.6669 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0733 mL | 0.3667 mL | 0.7334 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0367 mL | 0.1833 mL | 0.3667 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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