| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
COX-2
Multiple targets have been reported for Peonidin chloride. It inhibits phorbol-ester-induced COX-2 expression by blocking phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2. Peonidin also exhibits antioxidant activity and can ameliorate MNU-induced photoreceptors degeneration. As an anthocyanidin, it may interact with various cellular signaling pathways including those involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress responses. |
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| ln Vitro |
Peonidin chloride has antioxidant activity. It inhibits phorbol-ester-induced COX-2 expression and transformation in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells by blocking phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2. Peonidin has shown potent inhibitory and apoptotic effects on cancer cells in vitro, notably metastatic human breast cancer cells. It also exhibits chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Peonidin chloride has been shown to ameliorate MNU-induced photoreceptors degeneration and rectify abnormalities in inner visual signal pathways. This demonstrates the compound's neuroprotective effects in the retina. As an anthocyanidin pigment, peonidin may exert systemic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in various disease models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor binding or enzyme inhibition assays can be performed to evaluate the interaction of Peonidin chloride with its targets. Kinase activity assays can measure the inhibition of ERK-1 and -2 phosphorylation. Antioxidant activity can be assessed using cell-free assays such as DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays. COX-2 enzyme activity assays can measure the compound's ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Peonidin chloride. JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells are treated with phorbol ester (TPA) in the presence of increasing concentrations of Peonidin chloride to assess inhibition of COX-2 expression and cell transformation. Cancer cell lines (e.g., metastatic human breast cancer cells) are treated with the compound to assess inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. ROS detection assays can measure antioxidant activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy of Peonidin chloride has been evaluated in animal models of photoreceptor degeneration. MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration models are used to assess the compound's neuroprotective effects. The compound is typically administered orally or intraperitoneally. Efficacy endpoints include preservation of photoreceptor cells, improvement in visual function, and reduction of oxidative stress markers in the retina.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an anthocyanidin with molecular weight of 336.72 g/mol and molecular formula C16H13ClO6, Peonidin chloride is a small molecule pigment. It is a hydrolysis product from bilberries and other fruits and flowers. The compound is soluble in appropriate solvents for in vitro studies. Pharmacokinetic properties would be expected to be similar to other anthocyanidins, with moderate oral bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to fully characterize its absorption and distribution.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data has been reported for Peonidin chloride. As a naturally occurring anthocyanidin pigment found in foods, it is generally recognized as safe at dietary intake levels. Standard toxicity assessments would include evaluation of cytotoxicity in cell lines, genotoxicity assays, and acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in animal models. The compound is for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic use.
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| Additional Infomation |
Paeoniflorin chloride is an anthocyanin chloride whose cationic component is paeoniflorin. It possesses functions as a metabolite, antitumor agent, apoptosis inducer, and antioxidant. It contains paeoniflorin.
Peonidin chloride (YGM-6 chloride, CAS#: 134-01-0) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin that functions as a primary plant pigment. It has a molecular formula of C16H13ClO6 and molecular weight of 336.72. Peonidin chloride exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive activities. It inhibits COX-2 expression by blocking ERK-1 and -2 phosphorylation. It has shown inhibitory and apoptotic effects on cancer cells, notably metastatic human breast cancer cells. It is a hydrolysis product from bilberries and other fruits and flowers. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H13CLO6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
336.72
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| Exact Mass |
336.04
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| CAS # |
134-01-0
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| PubChem CID |
164544
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| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
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| LogP |
0.215
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
378
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O)O.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
OGBSHLKSHNAPEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H12O6.ClH/c1-21-15-4-8(2-3-11(15)18)16-13(20)7-10-12(19)5-9(17)6-14(10)22-16;/h2-7H,1H3,(H3-,17,18,19,20);1H
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| Chemical Name |
2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (296.98 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9698 mL | 14.8491 mL | 29.6983 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5940 mL | 2.9698 mL | 5.9397 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2970 mL | 1.4849 mL | 2.9698 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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