| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
COX LOX
Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Lipoxygenase (LOX). Phenidone is a dual inhibitor of both the COX (cyclooxygenase) and LOX (lipoxygenase) enzymes. By blocking both arms of the arachidonic acid cascade, it effectively reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins (via COX inhibition) and leukotrienes (via LOX inhibition). |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The increases in COX-1/-2 and 5-LOX in the spinal cords of rats suffering from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are markedly inhibited by phenidone[1].
In vitro, Phenidone (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone) inhibits both the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. This dual inhibition reduces the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes in cell-based assays, making it a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Phenidone is also used as a photochemical reducing agent in photographic development. |
| ln Vivo |
In the AII-dependent renovascular hypertensive rat, phenidone lowers blood pressure and prevents the production of vascular lipoxygenase products[2].
No detailed in vivo studies for Phenidone are publicly available. As a dual COX/LOX inhibitor, it would be expected to reduce inflammation in standard animal models such as carrageenan-induced paw edema. The parent compound‘s dual inhibition of COX and LOX suggests potential for treating inflammatory conditions where both prostaglandins and leukotrienes are implicated, such as asthma and arthritis. |
| Enzyme Assay |
A COX/LOX inhibition assay is performed using purified ovine COX-1/COX-2 and soybean LOX enzymes. For COX inhibition, enzymes are pre-incubated with serially diluted Phenidone (0.1-1000 uM) for 10 minutes, then arachidonic acid (100 uM) is added. After 2 minutes, the reaction is stopped, and PGE2 is measured by ELISA. For LOX inhibition, the lipoxygenase enzyme is incubated with linoleic acid (substrate) and the inhibitor, and the hydroperoxide product is measured spectrophotometrically at 234 nm. The IC50 is calculated.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ug/mL) to induce COX-2 and 5-LOX expression. Cells are treated with serially diluted Phenidone (0.1-1000 uM) for 24 hours. Supernatants are collected to measure PGE2 (by ELISA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4, by ELISA). Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assay to rule out cytotoxicity. Nitric oxide (NO) production is measured using the Griess reagent.
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| Animal Protocol |
No published in vivo animal studies are available for Phenidone alone. For research use, a mouse model of carrageenan-induced paw edema can be used to assess anti-inflammatory efficacy. Male CD-1 mice receive a subplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw. Phenidone is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses of 10-100 mg/kg, 1 hour before carrageenan injection. Paw volume is measured using a plethysmometer at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours post-injection. The percentage inhibition of edema is calculated. Prostaglandin and leukotriene levels in paw tissue homogenates are measured by ELISA.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Phenidone has a molecular weight of 162.19 g/mol and a formula of C9H10N2O. It is soluble in water and organic solvents. The melting point is 119-121degC. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., half-life, oral bioavailability) are not publicly available. As a small molecule, Phenidone is well-absorbed and distributes to tissues. It is metabolized primarily by CYP-mediated oxidation and conjugation. It is used as a photographic developer and has rapid reducing activity.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phenidone is considered a harmful chemical; it is poisonous by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. The compound is harmful if swallowed and may cause skin and eye irritation. LC50 (rat, intraperitoneal) data is available indicating toxicity. Phenidone is also toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; avoid release into the environment. Standard laboratory precautions (gloves, goggles, fume hood) should be used when handling Phenidone. No significant chronic toxicity data is available.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Phenidone is the parent compound; structure
See also: Phenidone A (note moved to). Phenidone is a research-grade compound not approved for clinical use. It is a dual COX/LOX inhibitor used to study the role of the arachidonic acid cascade in inflammation. Phenidone is also widely used as a photographic developer (black-and-white) in PQ developer formulations (with hydroquinone). This dual application makes it unique. This product is for laboratory research purposes only and is not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10N2O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
162.19
|
| Exact Mass |
162.079
|
| CAS # |
92-43-3
|
| PubChem CID |
7090
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
304.1±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
119-121 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
137.7±23.2 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.620
|
| LogP |
0.2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
|
| Complexity |
175
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1CN(NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
|
| InChi Key |
CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10N2O/c12-9-6-7-11(10-9)8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5H,6-7H2,(H,10,12)
|
| Chemical Name |
1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (616.56 mM)
H2O: 3.33 mg/mL (20.53 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.1656 mL | 30.8280 mL | 61.6561 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2331 mL | 6.1656 mL | 12.3312 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6166 mL | 3.0828 mL | 6.1656 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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