| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Natural flavone; CYP450 isozymes
The primary targets of Thermopsoside are cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms, a family of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Thermopsoside inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 6.0 μM, 9.5 μM, 12.0 μM, and 32.0 μM, respectively. By inhibiting these enzymes, Thermopsoside may affect the metabolism of co-administered drugs, making it a valuable tool for studying herb-drug interactions. |
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| ln Vitro |
Rooibos tea ( Aspalathus linearis) is a well-known South African herbal tea enjoyed worldwide. Limited reports indicate the potential of rooibos tea to alter the activity of certain cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes. In this study, the phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of A. linearis (leaves and stems) resulted in the isolation and characterization of 11 phenolic compounds. The MeOH extract exhibited significant inhibition of the major human CYP450 isozymes (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19). The strongest inhibition was observed by the extract for CYP3A4 (IC50 1.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL) followed by CYP2C19 (IC50 4.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL). Among the tested phytochemicals, the most potent inhibitors were isovitexin on CYP3A4 (IC50 3.4 ± 0.2 μM), vitexin on CYP2C9 (IC50 8.0 ± 0.2 μM), and thermopsoside on CYP2C19 (IC50 9.5 ± 0.2 μM). The two major, structurally related compounds aspalathin and nothofagin exhibited a moderate pregnane-X receptor (PXR) activation, which was associated with increased mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, respectively. These results indicate that a high intake of nutraceuticals containing rooibos extracts may pose a risk of herb-drug interactions when consumed concomitantly with clinical drugs that are substrates of CYP enzymes[1].
In vitro, Thermopsoside inhibits CYP450 isoforms with varying potencies. The IC50 values are 6.0 μM for CYP3A4, 9.5 μM for CYP2C19, 12.0 μM for CYP2D6, and 32.0 μM for CYP2C9. These data indicate that Thermopsoside is a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, with weaker activity against CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. The compound is isolated from natural sources and is used in research to study the inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Thermopsoside may affect the metabolism of drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 due to its inhibitory activity against these enzymes. As a natural product found in rooibos tea and other plants, Thermopsoside may contribute to herb-drug interactions when consumed with medications metabolized by these CYP450 isoforms. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for Thermopsoside involves measuring the inhibition of CYP450 isoform activity using recombinant or liver microsomal preparations. The assay is performed in a suitable buffer system containing NADPH as a cofactor and isoform-specific fluorogenic or luminogenic substrates. Test compounds are incubated with the enzyme and substrate at various concentrations, and the production of fluorescent or luminescent product is measured. IC50 values are calculated by fitting dose-response curves to the inhibition data.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Thermopsoside typically use hepatocyte cell lines (e.g., HepG2) or primary hepatocytes that express CYP450 enzymes. Cells are treated with the test compound at various concentrations, and the inhibition of CYP450 activity is measured using isoform-specific substrates that are metabolized to fluorescent or luminescent products. The compound's effects on drug metabolism and potential for herb-drug interactions may be assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Thermopsoside would typically involve oral administration of the compound to rodents, followed by assessment of CYP450 activity in liver microsomes. The compound's effects on the metabolism of probe drugs or co-administered medications may be evaluated to assess its potential for herb-drug interactions.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a natural product, the pharmacokinetic properties of Thermopsoside would depend on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics. The compound has a molecular weight of 462.40 and a molecular formula of C22H22O11. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution are not available in the public domain. For research purposes, the compound is typically handled as a solid with standard safety precautions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
There is no specific toxicity data reported for Thermopsoside in the available literature. As a natural product and research chemical, the compound is intended for laboratory use only and should be handled with standard safety precautions. Toxicity studies would be required if the compound were to be developed further for therapeutic applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Thermopsoside has been reported to have been found in Hyparrhenia hirta, Itoa orientalis, and other organisms for which data is available.
Thermopsoside is a flavone derivative isolated from Aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea). The compound inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 6.0 μM, 9.5 μM, 12.0 μM, and 32.0 μM, respectively. Thermopsoside has a molecular formula of C22H22O11 and a molecular weight of 462.40. It is used in research to study herb-drug interactions and CYP450 inhibition. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H22O11
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|---|---|
| Exact Mass |
462.116
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| CAS # |
19993-32-9
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| PubChem CID |
11294177
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.609
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| Boiling Point |
801.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
176-179 ºC
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| Flash Point |
281.0±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.695
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| Source |
Aspalathus Linearis
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| LogP |
-0.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
729
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-MIUGBVLSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22O11/c1-30-15-4-9(2-3-11(15)24)14-7-13(26)18-12(25)5-10(6-16(18)32-14)31-22-21(29)20(28)19(27)17(8-23)33-22/h2-7,17,19-25,27-29H,8H2,1H3/t17-,19-,20+,21-,22-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
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| Synonyms |
Chrysoeriol 7-O-glucoside; Chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside; 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one; Termopsoside; Chrysoeriol 7-glucoside; Chrysoeriol 7-beta-glucoside;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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