| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT), CYP2D6 (IC50: 39.5 uM), CYP2C19 (IC50: 53.5 uM)
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Desmethylcitalopram (DCIT) is the active metabolite of citalopram and exhibits antidepressant effects. It inhibits cytochrome P450-2D6 and -2C19 with IC50 values of 39.5 uM and 53.5 uM, respectively. It is also a 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) uptake inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.013 uM (13 nM). The dual pharmacological profile (SERT inhibition and CYP enzyme inhibition) makes it a valuable tool for studying SSRI metabolism, pharmacodynamics, and potential drug-drug interactions.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo data for Desmethylcitalopram alone; however, its parent drug citalopram is a well-established antidepressant in clinical use. Citalopram is administered orally (20-40 mg daily) to patients with major depressive disorder, and DCIT is formed as a metabolite. The antidepressant effects of DCIT have been demonstrated in animal models of depression (e.g., forced swim test, tail suspension test) when administered exogenously. DCIT's inhibition of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in vivo may contribute to drug-drug interactions when citalopram or DCIT is co-administered with other drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Human liver microsomes (HLMs) or recombinant CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzymes are incubated with a CYP-specific probe substrate (e.g., dextromethorphan for CYP2D6, (S)-mephenytoin for CYP2C19) in the presence of NADPH. Desmethylcitalopram hydrochloride is added at varying concentrations (0.1-500 uM). The reaction is incubated at 37degC for 10-30 minutes. The metabolite (e.g., dextrorphan for CYP2D6, 4'-hydroxymephenytoin for CYP2C19) is quantified by LC-MS/MS. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves (39.5 uM for CYP2D6, 53.5 uM for CYP2C19). For SERT inhibition, the assay uses human serotonin transporter (SERT)-expressing cell membranes and [3H]-serotonin as the substrate. IC50 values are determined (0.013 uM).
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| Cell Assay |
The serotonin (5-HT) uptake assay: HEK293 cells expressing human SERT or rat synaptosomes are incubated with [3H]-serotonin (50-100 nM) in the presence of Desmethylcitalopram hydrochloride (0.1-1000 nM) for 10-20 minutes at 37degC. The reaction is stopped by rapid filtration, and retained radioactivity is quantified by liquid scintillation counting. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. For CYP inhibition assays in cells, CYP2D6- or CYP2C19-overexpressing cell lines (e.g., HEK293-CYP2D6) are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are treated with Desmethylcitalopram (1-200 uM) and a CYP-specific probe substrate for 4-24 hours. The metabolite in the culture supernatant is quantified by LC-MS/MS. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
For assessing antidepressant activity, male Sprague-Dawley rats or Swiss-Webster mice are used. Desmethylcitalopram is formulated in a suitable vehicle (e.g., saline or 0.5% methylcellulose) and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (gavage) at doses of 1-30 mg/kg. The forced swim test (FST): animals are placed in a cylinder of water, and immobility time is measured over a 5-6 minute period. A reduction in immobility time indicates antidepressant-like activity. The tail suspension test (TST) in mice: mice are suspended by the tail, and immobility time is measured over a 6-minute period. For drug-drug interaction studies, Desmethylcitalopram (10-50 mg/kg) is co-administered with a CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 substrate drug, and the plasma concentration of the substrate and its metabolite are measured by LC-MS/MS to assess in vivo inhibition.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Citalopram (the parent drug) is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations achieved in 2-4 hours. The half-life of citalopram is approximately 35 hours. Desmethylcitalopram (DCIT) is formed from citalopram by N-demethylation via CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. DCIT has a longer half-life (approximately 60-80 hours) and steady-state concentrations are approximately 30-50% of the parent drug. DCIT is further metabolized to didesmethylcitalopram and other metabolites. Excretion is primarily in urine (as metabolites) and feces. The hydrochloride salt form (DCIT hydrochloride) is used for research purposes to enhance solubility and stability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data for Desmethylcitalopram hydrochloride alone; however, its parent drug citalopram has a well-established safety profile. Common side effects at therapeutic doses include nausea, dry mouth, drowsiness, insomnia, sweating, and sexual dysfunction. At high doses, citalopram can cause QT prolongation (cardiotoxicity) and serotonin syndrome. Desmethylcitalopram (DCIT) is generally considered to have a lower potency for QT prolongation than the parent drug. As a CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 inhibitor, DCIT may cause drug-drug interactions leading to increased concentrations of co-administered drugs metabolized by these enzymes, potentially causing toxicity. For research use, handle with appropriate precautions. Not for human use.
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| References |
[1]. von Moltke LL, et aI. Citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in vitro: human cytochromes mediating transformation, and cytochrome inhibitory effects. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep 15;46(6):839-49.
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| Additional Infomation |
Desmethylcitalopram hydrochloride (DCIT hydrochloride, CAS: 97743-99-2) is the active N-demethylated metabolite of the SSRI antidepressant citalopram. It is a 5-HT (serotonin) uptake inhibitor (IC50 = 0.013 uM) and also inhibits CYP2D6 (IC50 = 39.5 uM) and CYP2C19 (IC50 = 53.5 uM). The dual pharmacological profile makes it a valuable tool for studying SSRI metabolism, pharmacodynamics, and potential drug-drug interactions. It is used in neuroscience, psychopharmacology, and metabolic enzyme inhibition research. It is not approved for clinical use as a standalone drug; citalopram is the approved therapeutic agent. Molecular formula: C19H20FN2O · HCl (Desmethylcitalopram hydrochloride). Synonyms: DCIT hydrochloride, rac Desmethyl Citalopram Hydrochloride. Supplied as a stable hydrochloride salt. It is an analytical standard and a research reagent. It is an impurity standard for citalopram (citalopram EP Impurity D). For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H20CLFN2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
346.83
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| Exact Mass |
346.125
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| CAS # |
97743-99-2
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| Related CAS # |
Desmethylcitalopram-d3 hydrochloride;1189650-18-7
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| PubChem CID |
46780600
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
4.663
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
440
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CNCCCC1(C2=C(CO1)C=C(C=C2)C#N)C3=CC=C(C=C3)F.Cl
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| InChi Key |
DYIZNULSIBGJPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H19FN2O.ClH/c1-22-10-2-9-19(16-4-6-17(20)7-5-16)18-8-3-14(12-21)11-15(18)13-23-19;/h3-8,11,22H,2,9-10,13H2,1H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(methylamino)propyl]-3H-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8833 mL | 14.4163 mL | 28.8326 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5767 mL | 2.8833 mL | 5.7665 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2883 mL | 1.4416 mL | 2.8833 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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