| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
ACAT1/ACAT2 (acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase)
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
PD 128042 potently inhibits ACAT with an IC50 of 73 nM. It also inhibits sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) with an IC50 of 6.95 uM (hSOAT1). In cell-based assays, it decreases cholesteryl ester formation in macrophages and hepatocytes, reducing foam cell formation. It inhibits ACAT isoforms (ACAT1 and ACAT2) by competitively binding to the acyl-CoA substrate site.
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| ln Vivo |
In rats with pre-existing dyslipidemia, PD 128042 (CI 976) (10–30 mg/kg; gavage, in chronic cholesterol-fed rat model) lowers non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and raises HDL cholesterol [4].
In rats with pre-existing dyslipidemia (chronic cholesterol-fed model), PD 128042 (10-30 mg/kg; gavage) lowers non-HDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol. In rabbits, it decreases plasma total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, liver cholesteryl esters, and VLDL/LDL cholesteryl ester content. The lipid-regulating activity is due to inhibition of both intestinal and liver ACAT. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Recombinant human ACAT1 or ACAT2 is expressed in insect cells or CHO cells, and microsomal fractions are prepared. The assay uses [14C]-oleoyl-CoA and cholesterol as substrates in a reaction buffer containing potassium phosphate, BSA, and dithiothreitol. Reactions are incubated at 37degC for 10-20 minutes, stopped by organic extraction (chloroform/methanol), and the product (cholesteryl oleate) is separated by TLC and quantified by radiometric detection or scintillation counting. IC50 values are calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary human macrophages (derived from THP-1 cells) or murine J774 macrophages are cultured in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS. Cells are treated with PD 128042 (0.01-10 uM) for 24 hours in the presence of acetylated LDL (acLDL) to induce foam cell formation. Cellular cholesteryl ester content is measured by enzymatic colorimetric kits after lipid extraction with hexane/isopropanol. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation is visualized by Oil Red O staining. Foam cell formation is quantified microscopically.
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| Animal Protocol |
Male Sprague-Dawley rats are fed a high-cholesterol diet (1-2% cholesterol, 10% coconut oil) for 2-4 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia. PD 128042 is formulated in a suitable vehicle (e.g., 0.5% methylcellulose or PEG400) and administered once daily by oral gavage at 10-30 mg/kg for 1-4 weeks. Endpoints include plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) by enzymatic assays, liver cholesterol content, and aortic fatty streak area (in atherosclerosis models). Rabbit models are also used.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PD 128042 is orally bioavailable with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In rats, it achieves measurable plasma concentrations following oral administration, with a half-life suitable for once-daily dosing. Detailed PK parameters are available in the literature. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted via bile and urine. Plasma protein binding is moderately high.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicity studies indicate that PD 128042 is generally well tolerated at therapeutic doses (10-30 mg/kg). At higher doses, reversible elevations in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) may occur. No significant genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, or target organ toxicity has been reported. The compound has not been approved for clinical use; it is a research tool for ACAT inhibition and atherosclerosis studies.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2,2-Dimethyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)dodecanoamide is an aniline compound.
PD 128042 (CI 976) is a prototypical ACAT inhibitor widely used in lipid metabolism research. It has been studied for its potential to treat hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver disease. It is not approved for clinical use. The compound is also known to inhibit lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPAT). It is supplied as a white to off-white solid powder. Molecular formula: C22H37NO4. It is soluble in DMSO. References include in vivo evidence of lipid-regulating activity in rats (J Lipid Res). |
| Molecular Formula |
C23H39NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
393.56
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| Exact Mass |
393.288
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| CAS # |
114289-47-3
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| PubChem CID |
122327
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.002g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
504.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
259ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
2.59E-10mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.503
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| LogP |
6.28
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
413
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)NC1=C(C=C(C=C1OC)OC)OC
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| InChi Key |
WAFNZAURAWBNDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H39NO4/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-23(2,3)22(25)24-21-19(27-5)16-18(26-4)17-20(21)28-6/h16-17H,7-15H2,1-6H3,(H,24,25)
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| Chemical Name |
2,2-dimethyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)dodecanamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (254.09 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5409 mL | 12.7045 mL | 25.4091 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5082 mL | 2.5409 mL | 5.0818 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2541 mL | 1.2705 mL | 2.5409 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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