| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
IC50: 1.68 mM (α-Glucosidase)[1]
alpha-Glucosidase (IC50: 1.68 mM) |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro enzyme assays demonstrate that (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-2,3,19-Trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid inhibits alpha-glucosidase with an IC50 of 1.68 mM. This inhibitory activity is moderate compared to standard alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose (IC50 ~0.1-1 mM). The compound is a saponin-type triterpenoid characterized by three hydroxyl groups at positions C-2, C-3, and C-19, and two carboxylic acid groups at C-23 and C-28. No other specific biological activities (e.g., cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory) have been quantitatively reported for this pure compound.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo data available for this compound alone. As an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with moderate potency (1.68 mM), it has theoretical potential for postprandial blood glucose reduction in animal models of diabetes. In vivo studies have not been reported in the literature. Related ursane-type triterpenoids from Rubus species have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in rodent models, suggesting that this compound may have similar activities. However, these effects have not been experimentally validated for this specific compound.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Recombinant or yeast alpha-glucosidase enzyme is incubated with varying concentrations of the test compound (0.1-10 mM) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 37degC for 10 minutes. The substrate p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG, 5 mM) is added to initiate the reaction. After incubation for 20-30 minutes, the reaction is terminated by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, 1 M). The amount of released p-nitrophenol is measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The percentage of enzyme inhibition is calculated relative to control wells without inhibitor. IC50 values are determined by fitting dose-response curves using non-linear regression analysis (IC50 = 1.68 mM). Each assay is typically performed in triplicate. Acarbose is used as a positive control.
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| Cell Assay |
No published cell-based assays for this compound. For intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibition studies, Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells can be used as a model. Cells are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and grown to confluence. Differentiated Caco-2 cells express brush border alpha-glucosidases. Cells are treated with the compound (0.5-10 mM) for 30-60 minutes, followed by addition of maltose or sucrose as substrate. Glucose produced from disaccharide hydrolysis is measured by glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) colorimetric assay. However, the high IC50 value (1.68 mM) may limit its utility in cell-based systems due to solubility or permeability issues. Cell viability should be assessed by MTT or LDH assay. Cytotoxicity testing is recommended prior to functional assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
No published in vivo animal study for this compound. Based on its alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, a potential in vivo protocol would involve oral administration of the compound (50-500 mg/kg) to ICR mice or Sprague-Dawley rats. The compound is formulated in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) or 10% DMSO in saline due to its poor water solubility. After 30 minutes, sucrose or maltose (2 g/kg) is administered orally. Blood samples are collected from the tail vein at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-glucose load. Blood glucose levels are measured using a glucometer or glucose assay kit. The area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose is calculated. Reduction in AUC compared to control indicates in vivo alpha-glucosidase inhibition. This protocol has not been validated for this compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No specific pharmacokinetic data for this compound. As a high molecular weight triterpenoid saponin (MW 518.68-518.7), the compound has poor aqueous solubility and is expected to have low oral bioavailability. Absorption is likely limited by poor intestinal permeability. Metabolism in the gut may occur via hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds (if present; this compound is a saponin aglycone without sugar moieties). Plasma half-life, Cmax, AUC, clearance, and tissue distribution have not been determined. Solubility: soluble in DMSO (typical solubility for triterpenoid acids). Storage: powder at -20degC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data for this compound. As a natural product isolated from edible plants (Rubus ellipticus, Rubus pungens), the compound is expected to have low acute toxicity. Related ursane-type triterpenoids (e.g., ursolic acid, corosolic acid) exhibit low toxicity with oral LD50 > 1000 mg/kg in rodents and are generally well tolerated. No significant genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity has been reported for this class of compounds. For research use, standard laboratory safety precautions (gloves, lab coat, eye protection) should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyarbutin-12-ene-23,28-diacid has been found in Raspberry, Hainan Holly, and Oval Raspberry, and relevant data are available.
(2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-2,3,19-Trihydroxyurs-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid (CAS: 132282-70-3) is a polyhydroxylated ursane-type triterpenoid isolated from Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus, Rubus pungens, and Ilex hainanensis. The compound is a saponin-type natural product (triterpenoid aglycone) with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.68 mM). It has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, though these have not been quantitatively validated. Molecular formula: C30H46O7, molecular weight: 518.7. Appearance: white to off-white solid. Solubility: soluble in DMSO, methanol, ethanol; poorly soluble in water. Storage: powder at -20degC. The compound has been reported in PubChem with data available. Reference: Li W, et al. Triterpenoid saponins from Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus. J Nat Prod. 2009;72(10):1755-60. Not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H46O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
518.682
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| Exact Mass |
518.324
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| CAS # |
132282-70-3
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| PubChem CID |
21606530
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
4.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
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| Complexity |
1050
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
12
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]5(C)C(=O)O)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
FYGSMJAMPMZYFS-LQXQUUHISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H46O7/c1-16-9-12-30(24(35)36)14-13-26(3)17(21(30)29(16,6)37)7-8-19-25(2)15-18(31)22(32)28(5,23(33)34)20(25)10-11-27(19,26)4/h7,16,18-22,31-32,37H,8-15H2,1-6H3,(H,33,34)(H,35,36)/t16-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22+,25-,26-,27-,28+,29-,30+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2,3,12-trihydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9280 mL | 9.6399 mL | 19.2797 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3856 mL | 1.9280 mL | 3.8559 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1928 mL | 0.9640 mL | 1.9280 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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