| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of carbonic anhydrase are its substrates, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), which it converts to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and protons (H+). The enzyme also exhibits esterase activity, which can be measured using substrates such as p- and o-nitrophenylacetate. Carbonic anhydrase is inhibited by a variety of compounds, including sulfonamides, which bind to the zinc ion in the active site. The enzyme's activity is essential for maintaining acid-base balance in tissues and for facilitating CO2 transport in the blood.
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| ln Vitro |
It can be applied to carboxyl transfer and reduction reactions, the measurement of carbon dioxide in blood, and the removal of carbon dioxide from acidity test reagents. Developing the Solution To use, dissolve the lyophilized powder in ice-cold water (0.1 mg/mL) and keep it in an ice bath. Before using, dilute in ice water to 0.01 mg/mL.
In vitro, carbonic anhydrase activity is typically measured using the electrometric method of Wilbur and Anderson, which determines the time required for a saturated CO2 solution to lower the pH of a buffer from 8.3 to 6.3 at 0°C. One unit of enzyme activity is defined by this method. The enzyme also exhibits esterase activity, which can be measured using chromogenic substrates such as p-nitrophenyl acetate. The specific activity of carbonic anhydrase preparations can vary, with some products having an activity of up to 4360 U/mg solid. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, carbonic anhydrase plays a critical role in maintaining acid-base balance, facilitating CO2 transport, and regulating ion exchange in various tissues. It is involved in renal acidification, gastric acid secretion, and bone resorption. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used clinically to treat glaucoma, epilepsy, and other conditions. The enzyme's activity is also implicated in cancer, obesity, and other diseases.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for carbonic anhydrase typically uses the electrometric method of Wilbur and Anderson. In this assay, the enzyme is added to a cold (0-4°C) buffer solution, and the time required for a saturated CO2 solution to lower the pH from 8.3 to 6.3 is measured. The activity is calculated based on the rate of pH change. Alternatively, esterase activity can be measured using chromogenic substrates such as p-nitrophenyl acetate, where the release of p-nitrophenol is monitored spectrophotometrically at 400 nm.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for carbonic anhydrase typically involve measuring the enzyme's activity in cell lysates or tissue homogenates. Cells are lysed in an appropriate buffer, and the lysate is incubated with a CO2-saturated buffer or a chromogenic substrate. The production of bicarbonate or the hydrolysis of the substrate is measured to quantify enzyme activity. Carbonic anhydrase activity can also be assessed in living cells using fluorescent probes that detect changes in pH or CO2 concentration.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for carbonic anhydrase typically involve the use of rodent models to study the enzyme's role in physiology and disease. For example, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are tested in animal models of glaucoma to assess their efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure. The enzyme's role in renal function can be studied in knockout mice or by using specific inhibitors. Tissue samples are collected to measure enzyme activity and to assess the effects of pharmacological interventions.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase does not have conventional pharmacokinetic properties like absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). However, the enzyme's stability and activity can be affected by temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors or cofactors. The enzyme is typically stored at 4°C in a buffered solution. For research purposes, the enzyme is supplied as a lyophilized powder or as a solution in buffer.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Carbonic anhydrase is generally considered non-toxic as a research reagent. The enzyme itself is a naturally occurring protein and does not present significant toxicity concerns in laboratory settings. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling the enzyme preparation, including the use of personal protective equipment. The enzyme is typically handled as a routine laboratory reagent.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) is a zinc-containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and protons. It plays a critical role in a wide range of physiological processes, including pH regulation, CO2 transport, and ion exchange. The enzyme is used in research into cancer, glaucoma, obesity, and epilepsy. It is typically sourced from bovine erythrocytes and is available as a white to off-white solid. The enzyme has been used for the analysis of thermodynamic stability and to generate T cell lines for the study of autoimmune pancreatitis.
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| Molecular Weight |
0
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| CAS # |
9001-03-0
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 1.96 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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