| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ki: 0.82 μg/mL (Human Salivary α-Amylase)[1] IC50: 2.3 μg/mL (Porcine Pancreatic α-Amylase), 128.9 nM (Telomerase), 3.0 μM (Fatty acid synthase), 6.9 μM (α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase AlkB), 7.8 μM (5α-Reductase), 24.2 μM (Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase)[1]
The primary targets of Chinese gallotannin include human salivary α-amylase, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, telomerase, fatty acid synthase, α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AlkB, 5α-reductase, and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. It is a non-specific inhibitor, meaning it can interact with multiple targets. The Ki value for human salivary α-amylase is 0.82 µg/mL. The IC50 values are 2.3 µg/mL for porcine pancreatic α-amylase, 128.9 nM for telomerase, 3.0 µM for fatty acid synthase, 6.9 µM for α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AlkB, 7.8 µM for 5α-reductase, and 24.2 µM for poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Chinese gallotannin inhibits human salivary α-amylase with a Ki of 0.82 µg/mL. It also inhibits porcine pancreatic α-amylase with an IC50 of 2.3 µg/mL. The compound has been shown to inhibit telomerase (IC50 = 128.9 nM), fatty acid synthase (IC50 = 3.0 µM), α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AlkB (IC50 = 6.9 µM), 5α-reductase (IC50 = 7.8 µM), and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (IC50 = 24.2 µM). These data indicate that Chinese gallotannin is a broad-spectrum inhibitor with activity against multiple enzyme targets. The compound is soluble in DMSO at 100 mg/mL.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Chinese gallotannin may modulate starch digestion and glucose absorption by inhibiting α-amylase activity in the gastrointestinal tract. This could potentially reduce postprandial blood glucose levels, making it a candidate for diabetes research. However, detailed in vivo studies on its efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety are limited. Further research is needed to fully characterize its effects in animal models of diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for α-amylase inhibition typically involves incubating the enzyme with a chromogenic substrate, such as starch or a synthetic substrate, in the presence of the test compound. The reaction is monitored by measuring the production of reducing sugars or the hydrolysis of the substrate. For Chinese gallotannin, the Ki value for human salivary α-amylase was determined using such assays. The IC50 values for other targets, such as telomerase and fatty acid synthase, are determined using specific assay formats appropriate for each enzyme.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Chinese gallotannin may involve the use of cell lines to assess its effects on cell proliferation, enzyme activity, and metabolic pathways. For example, the compound's inhibition of telomerase could be studied in cancer cell lines, while its effects on fatty acid synthase could be assessed in adipocytes or hepatocytes. The compound's ability to modulate starch digestion could be studied in intestinal cell lines. However, specific cellular assay protocols for Chinese gallotannin are not detailed in the available literature.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Chinese gallotannin would typically involve oral administration of the compound to rodent models of diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Following treatment, blood glucose levels, starch digestion, and metabolic parameters would be assessed. The compound's effects on body weight, food intake, and insulin sensitivity could also be evaluated. However, specific in vivo study protocols for Chinese gallotannin are not detailed in the available literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a polyphenolic compound with a high molecular weight (1701.2 g/mol), the pharmacokinetic properties of Chinese gallotannin would likely include poor oral bioavailability due to limited absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The compound may be metabolized by gut microbiota or undergo hepatic metabolism. Detailed ADME parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution are not available in the public domain. For research purposes, the compound is typically stored as a powder at -20°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
There is no specific toxicity data reported for Chinese gallotannin in the available literature. As a natural product and research chemical, it is generally considered safe at research doses. However, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. Toxicity studies, including acute and sub-chronic dosing in animal models, would be required if the compound were to be developed further for therapeutic applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Chinese gallotannin is a type of tannin found in China. Tannins have been reported in oak (Quercus castaneifolia), tea (Camellia sinensis), and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Tannins (note moved to).
Chinese gallotannin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound belonging to the class of gallotannins. It is a non-specific, promiscuous α-amylase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.82 µg/mL for human salivary α-amylase. The compound has a molecular formula of C76H52O46 and a molecular weight of 1701.2 g/mol. It can be used for the research of diabetes. The compound is also known as五倍子单宁 in Chinese. It is available as a research-grade chemical and is not approved for human therapeutic use. It is typically stored as a powder at -20°C. |
| Molecular Formula |
C76H52O46
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1701.20
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| Exact Mass |
1700.17
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| CAS # |
5424-20-4
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| PubChem CID |
16129778
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid powder
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| Density |
2.12 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
198ºC
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| Melting Point |
218ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
198 °C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.927
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| LogP |
4.838
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
25
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
46
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
31
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| Heavy Atom Count |
122
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| Complexity |
3570
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C76H52O46/c77-32-1-22(2-33(78)53(32)92)67(103)113-47-16-27(11-42(87)58(47)97)66(102)112-21-52-63(119-72(108)28-12-43(88)59(98)48(17-28)114-68(104)23-3-34(79)54(93)35(80)4-23)64(120-73(109)29-13-44(89)60(99)49(18-29)115-69(105)24-5-36(81)55(94)37(82)6-24)65(121-74(110)30-14-45(90)61(100)50(19-30)116-70(106)25-7-38(83)56(95)39(84)8-25)76(118-52)122-75(111)31-15-46(91)62(101)51(20-31)117-71(107)26-9-40(85)57(96)41(86)10-26/h1-20,52,63-65,76-101H,21H2/t52-,63-,64+,65-,76+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[2,3-dihydroxy-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrakis[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxycarbonyl]phenyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5878 mL | 2.9391 mL | 5.8782 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1176 mL | 0.5878 mL | 1.1756 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0588 mL | 0.2939 mL | 0.5878 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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