| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels (NaV) (licarbazepine parent compound)
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Licarbazepine-d3 is the deuterium-labeled analog of licarbazepine (active metabolite of oxcarbazepine). Licarbazepine is a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects. It stabilizes the inactivated state of the channel, reducing repetitive neuronal firing. The deuterated form is chemically identical but contains three deuterium atoms for use as an analytical standard. |
| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo data for the labeled compound Licarbazepine-d3; the unlabeled licarbazepine is the active metabolite. Licarbazepine is the major active metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug oxcarbazepine (Trileptal). It is responsible for the drug's pharmacological activity in treating partial seizures and bipolar disorder. Licarbazepine has been shown to have efficacy similar to oxcarbazepine. The deuterated form is not administered in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Recombinant human sodium channel isoforms (e.g., NaV1.2, NaV1.6) are expressed in HEK293 cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings are performed to measure sodium currents. Cells are held at a depolarized potential (e.g., -60 mV) to assess inactivated state block. Unlabeled licarbazepine is applied at varying concentrations (1-1000 uM), and IC50 values for current inhibition are determined. These assays establish the mechanism of action, which is then applied to the labeled form as a tool.
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| Cell Assay |
For analytical use, Licarbazepine-d3 is used as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS assays. A standard curve of unlabeled licarbazepine is prepared in blank biological matrix (e.g., human plasma). A fixed amount of Licarbazepine-d3 (e.g., 50 ng/mL) is added to each sample. Proteins are precipitated with acetonitrile, and the supernatant is injected onto a C18 column. The mass spectrometer monitors the mass transitions for licarbazepine and Licarbazepine-d3. The analyte-to-internal standard peak area ratio is used for quantification.
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| Animal Protocol |
No in vivo animal study for Licarbazepine-d3; the unlabeled parent drug oxcarbazepine has been extensively studied in vivo. In animal models of epilepsy (e.g., maximal electroshock seizure test in mice), oxcarbazepine (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) protects against seizures. In the amygdala kindling model in rats, oxcarbazepine reduces seizure severity. These models establish the efficacy of the parent drug; the deuterated form is only a tool.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Licarbazepine-d3 is not administered therapeutically; it is an analytical internal standard. The unlabeled licarbazepine is the active metabolite of oxcarbazepine. Oxcarbazepine is well absorbed orally (bioavailability >95%), widely distributed (Vd 49 L), and 40% bound to plasma proteins. It is rapidly reduced to licarbazepine (monohydroxy derivative, MHD), which is responsible for CNS activity. Half-life of MHD is 8-10 hours, allowing twice-daily dosing. Excretion is renal.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Licarbazepine-d3 is not used in human therapy; it is a research reagent. Unlabeled oxcarbazepine has an established safety profile: common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, diplopia, nausea, and ataxia. Serious but rare side effects include hyponatremia, rash (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), and suicidal ideation. The deuterated form is used at low concentrations in analytical assays and poses no significant toxicological risk.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Licarbazepine-d3 (CAS: 1189917-36-9) is a stable isotope-labeled compound used as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS assays for the quantification of oxcarbazepine and its active metabolite licarbazepine (also known as 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbazepine, MHD). This is critical for therapeutic drug monitoring in epilepsy patients. Synonyms: BIA 2-005-d3, GP 47779-d3. Molecular formula: C15H14D3N2O2. For research use only. Reference: Pharmacopoeia standards.
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H11D3N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
257.30
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| Exact Mass |
257.124
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| CAS # |
1189917-36-9
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| Related CAS # |
Licarbazepine;29331-92-8
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| PubChem CID |
45039027
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
3.071
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
347
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OC(N1C2=CC=CC=C2C([2H])([2H])C(O)([2H])C2=C1C=CC=C2)=N
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| InChi Key |
BMPDWHIDQYTSHX-BAVZAHHNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H14N2O2/c16-15(19)17-12-7-3-1-5-10(12)9-14(18)11-6-2-4-8-13(11)17/h1-8,14,18H,9H2,(H2,16,19)/i9D2,14D
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| Chemical Name |
5,6,6-trideuterio-5-hydroxybenzo[b][1]benzazepine-11-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8865 mL | 19.4326 mL | 38.8651 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7773 mL | 3.8865 mL | 7.7730 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3887 mL | 1.9433 mL | 3.8865 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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