| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of Phospholipase A2 are its substrates, glycerophospholipids, which are major components of cell membranes. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond, releasing a free fatty acid (often arachidonic acid) and a lysophospholipid. The released arachidonic acid can be further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX) to produce prostaglandins and leukotrienes, key mediators of inflammation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Phospholipase A2 activity is typically measured using chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates, such as phosphatidylcholine analogs containing a chromophore or fluorophore at the sn-2 position. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the substrate, releasing the chromophore or fluorophore, which can be detected spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically. The enzyme's activity is often studied in the context of lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Phospholipase A2 plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes. It is involved in lipid digestion, cell membrane remodeling, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Dysregulation of PLA2 activity is associated with various diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for Phospholipase A2 typically involves incubating the enzyme with a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate in a suitable buffer system. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the substrate, releasing a detectable product. The activity is measured by monitoring the change in absorbance or fluorescence over time. One unit of activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1.0 µmole of substrate per minute under specific conditions.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Phospholipase A2 may involve measuring the enzyme's activity in cell lysates or the release of arachidonic acid from labeled cells. Cells are labeled with radioactive arachidonic acid, and the release of the label into the medium is measured upon stimulation. This assay is used to study the regulation of PLA2 activity in a cellular context.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Phospholipase A2 are often conducted in models of inflammation. PLA2 inhibitors are tested for their ability to reduce inflammation by measuring markers such as edema, cytokine levels, and leukocyte infiltration.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an enzyme, Phospholipase A2 does not have conventional pharmacokinetic properties. Its stability and activity can be affected by temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors or cofactors. The enzyme is typically stored under appropriate conditions to maintain its activity.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phospholipase A2 is generally considered non-toxic as a research reagent. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling the enzyme preparation.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of glycerophospholipids, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. It plays a crucial role in lipid digestion, cell membrane remodeling, and the production of inflammatory mediators. PLA2 is a research reagent used in biochemical assays to study lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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| Molecular Formula |
NULL
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
0
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| CAS # |
9001-84-7
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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