| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Xanthopurpurin is an inhibitor of this process. It is not a traditional enzyme inhibitor but a small molecule that affects platelet function. It is isolated as an anthraquinone glycoside from the roots of Rubia plants.
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| ln Vitro |
Xanthopurpurin, an anthraquinone glycoside isolated from the roots of Rubia akane, mainly shows strong inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. It has also demonstrated antimicrobial and anticancer properties in preliminary studies, though these are less well-characterized.
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| ln Vivo |
The in vivo activity of Xanthopurpurin has not been extensively studied. As a natural product with anti-platelet aggregation activity in vitro, it has potential for in vivo applications in animal models of thrombosis, though its pharmacological properties (e.g., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) would need to be characterized first.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme assays, the effect of Xanthopurpurin can be tested on purified enzymes or target proteins. A general protocol for in vitro enzyme inhibition would involve incubating the enzyme with its substrate in the presence of varying concentrations of Xanthopurpurin. The enzymatic activity is measured using a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate. For example, to assess its anti-platelet aggregation activity, a platelet aggregation assay is used (see below).
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, the anti-platelet aggregation activity of Xanthopurpurin is typically measured using platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is isolated from citrated whole blood. Platelet aggregation is induced by a specific agonist, such as collagen. Xanthopurpurin is added to the PRP at varying concentrations (e.g., 1-100 uM) before the agonist, and the aggregation response is monitored using a light transmission aggregometer. The extent of inhibition is calculated by comparing treated samples to a vehicle control.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Xanthopurpurin could be administered intravenously or orally to rodent models of thrombosis, such as the ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury model or the pulmonary embolism model. Doses would need to be optimized. The primary endpoints would be the time to occlusion (in the ferric chloride model) or survival rate. The compound would likely need to be formulated using a suitable vehicle, such as DMSO, PEG, or a cyclodextrin-based solution.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Xanthopurpurin are limited. A UPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS method has been developed for the quantitative determination of Xanthopurpurin in rat plasma and used for a pharmacokinetic study, indicating that methods are available to assess its absorption and clearance. These studies would help determine key parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, and AUC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Xanthopurpurin are not widely reported. As a naturally occurring anthraquinone, there may be concerns about potential toxicity at high doses, as some anthraquinones can have genotoxic or cytotoxic properties. However, it is used as a research chemical, and standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. It should not be ingested or applied to the skin without appropriate safety assessments.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Xanthine is a dihydroxyanthraquinone. It has the function of a metabolite. Xanthine has been reported in Artemisia argyi, Rubia cordifolia, and other organisms for which data are available. See also: Rubia cordifolia root (partial).
Xanthopurpurin is a natural product also known by its IUPAC name 1,3-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione and the synonym purpuroxanthin. It is one of ten dihydroxyanthraquinone isomers and can be synthesized through the hydroxylation of anthraquinone. It is also used as a precursor for synthesizing other anthraquinone derivatives and as a natural dye. The compound is not an approved drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H8O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
240.21
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| Exact Mass |
240.042
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| CAS # |
518-83-2
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| PubChem CID |
196978
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
514.5±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
268 - 270 °C
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| Flash Point |
279.0±21.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.733
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| LogP |
3.98
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
378
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3)O)O
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| InChi Key |
WPWWKBNOXTZDQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H8O4/c15-7-5-10-12(11(16)6-7)14(18)9-4-2-1-3-8(9)13(10)17/h1-6,15-16H
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| Chemical Name |
1,3-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1630 mL | 20.8151 mL | 41.6302 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8326 mL | 4.1630 mL | 8.3260 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4163 mL | 2.0815 mL | 4.1630 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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