| Size | Price | |
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| 1mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) signaling pathways; NADPH oxidase (likely the target for PMA-induced ROS inhibition). Piperkadsin A acts as a potent ROS inhibitor, specifically targeting PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)-induced ROS production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The compound inhibits the activation of NADPH oxidase or downstream signaling pathways that lead to ROS generation. Its IC₅0 value of 4.3 microM indicates high potency in suppressing oxidative burst in activated neutrophils, which are key effector cells in the innate immune response.
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| ln Vitro |
Piperkadsin A effectively inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils stimulated with PMA. The compound demonstrates concentration-dependent inhibition with an IC₅0 of 4.3 microM. In comparison studies, Piperkadsin A (compound 1 in the original study) showed more potent inhibition than other related neolignans including futoquinol (3, IC₅0 13.1 microM), piperlactam S (4, IC₅0 7.0 microM), and N-p-coumaroyl tyramine (5, IC₅0 8.4 microM). The compound exhibits specificity for PMA-induced ROS, suggesting it targets signaling pathways downstream of protein kinase C (PKC) activation, which is the primary mechanism by which PMA induces neutrophil ROS production. No significant antioxidant activity in cell-free systems has been reported, indicating that its mechanism is cellular rather than direct radical scavenging.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have not been extensively reported for Piperkadsin A. However, based on its in vitro mechanism as a potent inhibitor of PMA-induced ROS production in human neutrophils (IC₅0 4.3 microM), the compound may have potential for in vivo applications in inflammatory disease models where neutrophil oxidative burst contributes to tissue damage. Its natural product origin from Piper kadsura, a plant used in traditional medicine, suggests potential safety and efficacy in vivo. Future studies in animal models of inflammation (e.g., acute lung injury, arthritis, sepsis) would be valuable to determine its therapeutic potential. The compound demonstrates selectivity for ROS inhibition rather than general cytotoxicity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
PMA-induced ROS production inhibition assay: Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are isolated from fresh human blood using density gradient centrifugation (e.g., Ficoll-Histopaque). PMNs are resuspended in HBSS (Hanks‘ balanced salt solution). Cells are pre-incubated with Piperkadsin A at various concentrations (0.1-100 microM) for 10-30 minutes at 37degC. PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 0.1-1 microM) is then added to stimulate NADPH oxidase activation and ROS production. ROS production is measured using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (for total ROS) or isoluminol (for extracellular superoxide) in a luminometer. Alternatively, cytochrome c reduction assay (specific for superoxide) or DCFH-DA fluorescence can be used. IC₅0 values are calculated from concentration-response curves. This protocol has been used to identify Piperkadsin A as an active compound.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability and ROS inhibition in neutrophils: Isolated PMNs are seeded in 96-well plates (approximately 1-5 × 10⁵ cells/well). Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Piperkadsin A (0-100 microM) for 30-60 minutes. Cell viability is assessed using trypan blue exclusion or MTT assay to ensure that ROS inhibition is not due to cytotoxicity. For ROS measurement, cells are loaded with DCFH-DA (10 microM, 30 minutes), washed, and stimulated with PMA. Fluorescence is measured at excitation/emission 485/535 nm over 30-60 minutes. Alternatively, a chemiluminescence-based assay using luminol (50 microM) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP, 4 U/mL) can be used. The time course of ROS production and the effect of Piperkadsin A at various time points is recorded.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies: For potential in vivo studies, animal models of neutrophil-mediated inflammation such as carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice, or zymosan-induced peritonitis would be appropriate. Piperkadsin A would be administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 1-50 mg/kg, 30-60 minutes prior to inflammatory challenge. Endpoints include reduction in neutrophil infiltration (measured by myeloperoxidase activity or cell counts), ROS levels in tissue or peritoneal lavage (measured by chemiluminescence or fluorescent probes), and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta by ELISA). These studies would confirm the in vivo efficacy of Piperkadsin A as an ROS inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Piperkadsin A has a molecular weight of 356.41 and molecular formula C21H24O₅. Solubility: soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. For in vivo studies, formulations using DMSO:PEG300:Tween 80:Saline (10:40:5:45) are recommended. Storage: Powder at -20degC (stable for 3 years). In solution at -80degC (stable for 1 year). Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, Cmax, AUC, bioavailability, tissue distribution) have not been extensively reported in the literature. The compound has a moderate lipophilic character (LogP values not reported, but based on structure).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Based on its natural product origin from Piper kadsura (a plant used in traditional medicine), Piperkadsin A is expected to have low acute toxicity at typical research doses. The compound is a potent ROS inhibitor rather than an ROS inducer, suggesting that it is not likely to cause oxidative damage. Comprehensive toxicological studies (acute, subchronic, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity) have not been extensively performed for this specific compound. The compound has been studied in vitro using human neutrophils at concentrations up to 100 microM without significant cytotoxicity. Standard safety precautions for laboratory chemicals should be followed. Not for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that Piper kadsura contains Piperkadsin A, and relevant data is available for reference.
Piperkadsin A is a natural neolignan isolated from Piper kadsura (also known as Japanese pepper or kadsura pepper). The compound is one of several active principles identified from this plant with anti-inflammatory and ROS-inhibiting properties. In the original study, Piperkadsin A (compound 1) showed the most potent inhibition of PMA-induced ROS production among five tested compounds (IC₅0 4.3 microM). The compound is not a marketed drug and is currently only available for research use. It can be used as a tool compound for studying NADPH oxidase activation and neutrophil function. It may also be used as a reference standard for natural product analysis or quality control of Piper kadsura extracts. The compound should be stored at appropriate conditions to maintain stability. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H24O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
356.412
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| Exact Mass |
356.162
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| CAS # |
895543-36-9
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| PubChem CID |
11717379
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
3.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
630
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C/C(=C\C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC)/[C@@]2(C=C(C(=O)C=C2OC)CC=C)OC
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| InChi Key |
JSWLJDNWLQCBNE-PAGBRTJLSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H24O5/c1-6-7-16-13-21(26-5,20(25-4)12-18(16)23)14(2)10-15-8-9-17(22)19(11-15)24-3/h6,8-13,22H,1,7H2,2-5H3/b14-10+/t21-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4R)-4-[(E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-4,5-dimethoxy-2-prop-2-enylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8058 mL | 14.0288 mL | 28.0576 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5612 mL | 2.8058 mL | 5.6115 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2806 mL | 1.4029 mL | 2.8058 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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