| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pennogenin targets reactive oxygen species (ROS). It significantly inhibits ROS release in vitro. The compound also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Its mechanism involves suppression of oxidative burst in immune cells, likely through interference with NADPH oxidase or other ROS-producing enzymes.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
A notable degree of oxidative burst suppression activity is demonstrated by pennyogenin[1]. With an IC50 of 5.0 µg/mL, pentagenin shows a strong in vitro inhibitory effect on the release of ROS from whole blood[1].
In vitro, Pennogenin demonstrates significant inhibitory effect on ROS release from whole blood, with an IC50 of 5.0 µg/mL. It exhibits a significant level of oxidative burst suppressive activity. These findings indicate potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies suggest that Pennogenin possesses neuroprotective and anti-fatigue properties, supporting its traditional use in herbal medicine for boosting energy and enhancing physical endurance. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects may also translate to in vivo efficacy in various disease models. Further systematic in vivo studies are warranted.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for Pennogenin involve measuring its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species using chemical systems that generate superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, or other ROS. The compound's antioxidant activity can be assessed using standard assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation decolorization, or ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays involve treating whole blood or isolated immune cells with Pennogenin at various concentrations (typically 0.1-100 µg/mL), followed by stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or other ROS inducers. ROS production is measured using chemiluminescence or fluorescent probes, and the IC50 for inhibition is calculated.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Pennogenin would typically involve oral or intraperitoneal administration in rodent models of inflammation, oxidative stress, or fatigue. Endpoints include measurements of serum and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokine levels, and behavioral assessments for anti-fatigue effects. Traditional use in herbal medicine provides guidance for dosing.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Pennogenin are not extensively reported. As a steroidal sapogenin with moderate lipophilicity, it is expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability. The compound may undergo metabolic transformation in the liver, including hydroxylation and conjugation. Tissue distribution and elimination pathways require further investigation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Available toxicological data for Pennogenin are limited. As a natural compound from medicinal plants with a history of traditional use, it is generally considered to have a manageable safety profile. However, standard toxicity assessments including acute, sub-chronic, and genotoxicity studies are needed for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pennogenin is an oxaspirocyclic compound with the structure spirost-5-ene, substituted with hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 17 (3β,25R stereoisomer). It is a metabolite. Pennogenin is a 17α-hydroxysteroid, oxaspirocyclic, organic heterohexacyclic, saponin, and 3β-hydroxy-Δ(5)-steroid. It is derived from the hydride of spirostane. Pennogenin has been reported in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, Dracaena cambodiana, and other organisms with relevant data.
Pennogenin is a research compound with no clinical approvals. Its pharmacological activities include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. The compound is of interest for studying oxidative stress-related diseases and for developing new therapeutic agents based on steroidal sapogenins. Its traditional use supports further investigation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H42O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
430.62
|
| Exact Mass |
430.308
|
| CAS # |
507-89-1
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| PubChem CID |
12314056
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
565.0±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
247°C (lit.)
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| Flash Point |
295.5±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.579
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| LogP |
5.03
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
|
| Complexity |
794
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
|
| SMILES |
CC1CCC2(C(C3(C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)O)C)OC1
|
| InChi Key |
SYYHBUHOUUETMI-WJOMMTHPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H42O4/c1-16-7-12-26(30-15-16)17(2)27(29)23(31-26)14-22-20-6-5-18-13-19(28)8-10-24(18,3)21(20)9-11-25(22,27)4/h5,16-17,19-23,28-29H,6-15H2,1-4H3/t16-,17-,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,24+,25+,26-,27-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8S,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-8,16-diol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3222 mL | 11.6112 mL | 23.2223 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4644 mL | 2.3222 mL | 4.6445 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2322 mL | 1.1611 mL | 2.3222 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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