| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 1mg | ||
| 5mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
IC50: 1.5 μM (copper-mediated LDL oxidation), 2.7 μM (AAPH-mediated LDL oxidation), 1.6 μM (SIN-1-mediated LDL oxidation)[1]
NF-kappaB signaling pathway; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation; Nitric Oxide (NO) production; Oxidized LDL oxidation. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits the oxidation of LDL mediated by various initiators, reduces ROS accumulation, suppresses NO production, and blocks NF-kappaB activation, thereby exerting both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
With IC50 values of 1.5, 2.7, and 1.6 μM, respectively, N-acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits copper-mediated, 2,2'azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-mediated, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN)-1-mediated LDL oxidation[1]. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 exhibits a potent ability to scavenge radicals at 100 μM for 40 minutes[1]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells exhibit a dose-dependent reduction in ROS when exposed to N-acetyldopamine dimer-2 (0-400 μM; 2 h)[1]. In LPS-stimulated RAW264, N-acetyldopamine dimer-2 (0-400 μM; 2 h) dose-dependently and slightly reduces NO production and iNOS protein expression. 7 cells [1]. N-acetyldopamine dimer-2 (0-400 μM; 2 h) suppresses IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 mRNA levels, and it also inhibits IL-6 secretion and LPS-induced NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner[1].
N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 exhibits IC₅0 values of 1.5 uM for copper-mediated LDL oxidation, 2.7 uM for AAPH-mediated LDL oxidation, and 1.6 uM for SIN-1-mediated LDL oxidation. At 100 uM, it shows potent ability to scavenge radicals for 40 minutes. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (0-400 uM, 2 hours), it dose-dependently reduces ROS, slightly decreases NO production and iNOS protein expression, inhibits IL-6, TNF-alpha, and COX-2 mRNA levels, and suppresses LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. The compound reduces IL-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells dose-dependently. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have not been extensively reported for this specific dimer. However, based on its in vitro activities including inhibition of oxidized LDL, ROS generation, NO production, and NF-kappaB activation, N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 may have potential applications in models of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases. The compound inhibits NF-kappaB activation and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory efficacy in appropriate animal models such as LPS-induced inflammation or atherosclerotic disease models.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
A standard TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) assay is used to evaluate LDL oxidation inhibition. LDL is incubated with CuSO4 (copper-mediated oxidation), AAPH (peroxyl radical-mediated oxidation), or SIN-1 (peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation) in the presence of test compound (0-400 uM) for 2-24 hours. Oxidation products are measured by adding TBA reagent and heating at 95degC for 30 minutes. After centrifugation, absorbance of the supernatant is measured at 532 nm. IC₅0 values are calculated from inhibition curves. N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 inhibits all three types of LDL oxidation with IC₅0 values of 1.5, 2.7, and 1.6 uM respectively. Free radical scavenging can also be assessed by ESR spectroscopy.
|
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[1]
Cell Types: LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line Tested Concentrations: 200 and 400 μM Incubation Duration: 2 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Slightly diminished iNOS protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell line Tested Concentrations: 200 and 400 μM Incubation Duration: 2 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dose-dependently diminished the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2. RAW264.7 cells (LPS-stimulated) are seeded in culture plates. Cells are treated with N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 (0-400 uM) for 2 hours. For ROS measurement, cells are incubated with DCFH-DA probe and fluorescence is measured. For protein analysis, cell lysates are subjected to Western blotting with antibodies against iNOS, COX-2, NF-kappaB p65, and phospho-NF-kappaB p65. Gene expression analysis (IL-6, TNF-alpha, COX-2 mRNA) is performed by RT-PCR or qPCR. Cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-alpha) in culture supernatants are quantified by ELISA. NF-kappaB activation is assessed by nuclear translocation of p65 using immunofluorescence or by luciferase reporter assay. |
| Animal Protocol |
Doses: Typical in vitro effective concentrations range from 100-400 uM. For LDL oxidation experiments, concentrations of 0-400 uM are used. For cell culture studies, concentrations from 0-400 uM are tested with incubation times of 2 hours. In vivo doses for potential animal studies would need to be optimized based on pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies. A common starting range might be 5-50 mg/kg administered orally or intraperitoneally, with treatment duration of 1-4 weeks depending on the disease model.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 has a molecular weight of 384.38 and molecular formula C20H20N2O₆. The compound is soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. Powder should be stored at -20degC (stable for 3 years) and solutions at -80degC (stable for 6 months). Detailed pharmacokinetic properties such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution have not been extensively reported in the literature for this specific N-acetyldopamine dimer.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Based on its natural product origin from Periostracum Cicadae (a material used in traditional Chinese medicine), N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 is likely to have low toxicity at typical experimental doses. The compound has been isolated from a natural source with traditional medicinal use, suggesting an acceptable safety profile for research purposes. However, no comprehensive acute or chronic toxicity studies have been published. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling. Long-term toxicity, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity studies have not been performed.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-Acetyldopamine dimer-2 has neuroprotective properties in addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It can be used as a reference standard or analytical marker for quality control of Periostracum Cicadae extracts. The compound inhibits NF-kappaB activation, which is a key transcription factor in inflammatory responses. It reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and COX-2 expression, indicating potential for treating inflammatory conditions. The compound is available as a research-grade natural product for pharmacological studies. Neuroprotective effects have also been reported.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C20H20N2O6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
384.382605552673
|
| Exact Mass |
384.132
|
| CAS # |
916888-49-8
|
| PubChem CID |
16072146
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| LogP |
1.5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
28
|
| Complexity |
597
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)N/C=C/C1=CC2=C(C=C1)O[C@@H]([C@H](O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)NC(=O)C
|
| InChi Key |
RCEWLGWTZHROAQ-CLJKYYQGSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H20N2O6/c1-11(23)21-8-7-13-3-6-17-18(9-13)27-19(20(28-17)22-12(2)24)14-4-5-15(25)16(26)10-14/h3-10,19-20,25-26H,1-2H3,(H,21,23)(H,22,24)/b8-7+/t19-,20+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
N-[(E)-2-[(2S,3R)-2-acetamido-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]ethenyl]acetamide
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6016 mL | 13.0080 mL | 26.0159 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5203 mL | 2.6016 mL | 5.2032 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2602 mL | 1.3008 mL | 2.6016 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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