| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Mitochondria; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The primary target of Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester is cellular membranes, where it localizes (preferentially in mitochondria, lysosomes, and ER) upon cellular uptake. It is not a receptor-based target but a chemical sensitizer. Upon light activation, it transfers energy to molecular oxygen (O2) to generate singlet oxygen (¹O2) and other ROS. These ROS cause oxidative damage to cellular components (lipids, proteins, DNA), leading to apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. The specific targeting of subcellular structures influences the mechanism of cell death (e.g., mitochondrial-targeting triggers apoptosis).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (0.1-10 uM) exhibits dark toxicity only at very high concentrations (no toxicity in the dark). When irradiated with red light (e.g., 660 nm, 5-20 J/cm2), it generates singlet oxygen, causing dose-dependent cell death in various cancer cell lines (HeLa, A431, HT29). It induces ROS production (measured by DCFH-DA), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 staining), and activation of caspases (apoptosis). It is significantly more potent than first-generation photosensitizers (e.g., Photofrin). It can also induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) by causing ER stress.
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| ln Vivo |
Mice exposed to chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (5 mg/kg; ip) do not exhibit tumoricidal effects[1].
In vivo, Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester shows favorable biodistribution with high tumor accumulation and rapid clearance from normal tissues. In mouse xenograft models (e.g., CT26 colon cancer, U87 glioblastoma), intravenous or intratumoral injection (0.5-5 mg/kg) followed by light irradiation (e.g., 630-670 nm, 100-200 J/cm2) results in significant tumor regression or complete response. It is used in fluorescence imaging to guide resection. It exhibits low systemic toxicity in the absence of light. It is a potent photosensitizer widely used in preclinical PDT research. It has strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, allowing deeper tissue penetration compared to Photofrin. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Singlet oxygen (¹O2) detection: Dissolve Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester in PBS containing 1% DMSO (1-10 uM). Add a singlet oxygen sensor such as SOSG (singlet oxygen sensor green, 1 uM). Irradiate the solution with a light source (e.g., LED at 660 nm, 10 mW/cm2). Measure the fluorescence of SOSG (ex/em 504/525 nm), which increases upon reaction with ¹O2. The intensity is proportional to the ¹O2 quantum yield. Alternatively, use the chemical trap DPBF (1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran), which bleaches (A410 nm) in the presence of ¹O2. These cell-free assays quantify ROS generation.
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| Cell Assay |
Photocytotoxicity assay (Cell viability): Seed cancer cells (e.g., HeLa, A549) in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well). Incubate with Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (0.1-10 uM in culture medium) for 4-24 hours (drug-light interval). Wash cells to remove unbound drug. Irradiate with red light (e.g., 660 nm, 5-20 J/cm2) using a LED array or laser. Incubate for 24 hours. Measure cell viability via MTT or CCK-8. Calculate the IC₅0 for phototoxicity. Compare to dark control (no light). The phototoxicity index (ratio dark IC₅0/light IC₅0) indicates the selectivity. Additionally, measure ROS production inside cells using DCFH-DA.
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| Animal Protocol |
Subcutaneous xenograft model (e.g., CT26 colon cancer in BALB/c mice). When tumors reach 5-8 mm diameter, inject Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester intravenously (1-5 mg/kg in saline with 5% DMSO/cremophor) or intraperitoneally. After 4-24 hours (drug-light interval), anesthetize mice and expose tumors to red light (e.g., 660 nm, 100-200 J/cm2). Monitor tumor volume every 2-3 days. Calculate tumor growth delay (TGD). Also monitor body weight and survival. Euthanize at endpoint and perform histology (H&E, TUNEL) on tumor tissue. Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester PDT should induce tumor necrosis and apoptosis. Use a control group with drug but no light.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester: Molecular formula C3₈H40N4O₆ (for the trimethyl ester derivative). Molecular weight: approximately 648.75 g/mol. Appearance: Dark green to black crystalline powder. Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (≥20 mM), ethanol, and lipid-based formulations; practically insoluble in water. Storage: Store powder at -20degC, protected from light. In solution, store at -80degC for up to 6 months. Protect from light at all times (light-sensitive). It is stable under inert atmosphere. Pharmacokinetics: In plasma, it has a half-life of 2-6 hours in rodents. It exhibits high tumor selectivity due to the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester is considered safe in the dark. However, as a photosensitizer, it causes severe phototoxicity upon exposure to light. Wear appropriate protective clothing and work under subdued light conditions (dark room or yellow/red safelights). Standard laboratory safety guidelines should be followed. Avoid eye and skin contact (may cause photosensitivity reactions). Do not expose solutions to direct sunlight or bright room light before injection. Not approved for human use (preclinical only). Consult SDS. Keep out of reach of children. It is a research grade photosensitizer.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Chlorin e6 trimethyl ester is a second-generation photosensitizer with several advantages over Photofrin®: (1) Stronger absorption at longer wavelengths (660 nm) allowing deeper tissue penetration; (2) Higher singlet oxygen quantum yield; (3) Faster clearance from normal tissue reducing prolonged skin photosensitivity. It is a standard research compound for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). It is also used in photoimmunotherapy. It is not a drug (except maybe in clinical trials). It is a key tool for studying photodynamic effects in cancer biology. It is available as a research chemical. Store in a dark, cool place. Always protect from light. Not for human use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C37H42N4O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
638.75
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| Exact Mass |
638.31
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| CAS # |
35038-32-5
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| PubChem CID |
5357355
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| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
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| Density |
1.25g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
704.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
189.4ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.618
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| LogP |
5.191
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
47
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| Complexity |
1140
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCC1=C(C2=CC3=C(C(=C(N3)C=C4[C@H]([C@@H](C(=N4)C(=C5C(=C(C(=N5)C=C1N2)C)C(=O)OC)CC(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC)C)C)C=C)C
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| InChi Key |
SLLLYKPHDYTLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C37H42N4O6/c1-10-22-18(3)26-15-28-20(5)24(12-13-32(42)45-7)35(40-28)25(14-33(43)46-8)36-34(37(44)47-9)21(6)29(41-36)17-31-23(11-2)19(4)27(39-31)16-30(22)38-26/h10,15-17,20,24,38-39H,1,11-14H2,2-9H3
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| Chemical Name |
methyl 12-ethenyl-7-ethyl-20-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-18-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-17,18,22,23-tetrahydroporphyrin-2-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 10 mg/mL (15.66 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5656 mL | 7.8278 mL | 15.6556 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3131 mL | 1.5656 mL | 3.1311 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1566 mL | 0.7828 mL | 1.5656 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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