| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Superoxide anion (O2•-); Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). EUK-8 acts as a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyzing the dismutation of O2•- to H2O2 and O2. Furthermore, it mimics catalase, catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 to H2O and O2. This dual activity (SOD + catalase) provides a complete detoxification pathway for O2•-, preventing the formation of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (•OH) via the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction. It also directly scavenges lipid peroxyl radicals (LOO•). It does not target specific receptors but neutralizes ROS directly.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Manganese(salen) chloride (25 μM; 24-72 h) totally prevents β-AP-induced lipid peroxidation and free radical buildup while shielding organotypic hippocampal slices from β-AP-induced neurotoxicity[2].
In vitro, EUK-8 (1-100 uM) potently scavenges superoxide and H2O2 in cell-free assays. It inhibits the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, including IAPP (islet amyloid polypeptide, associated with type 2 diabetes), beta-amyloid (Alzheimer's disease), and lysozyme (systemic amyloidosis). It reduces protein carbonyl formation and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). It protects cultured cells (neurons, cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells) from oxidative stress induced by H2O2, hypoxia-reoxygenation, or amyloid-beta. It acts as an antioxidant with oxyradical scavenging properties. |
| ln Vivo |
In the harlequin mouse mutant, manganese (salen) chloride (25 mg/kg; intraperitoneally three times a week for four weeks) lessens cardiac oxidative stress and improves pressure overload-induced heart failure[3].
In vivo, EUK-8 (e.g., 25 mg/kg; i.p.; 3 times a week for 4 weeks) reduces cardiac oxidative stress and ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart failure in the harlequin mouse mutant (which has SOD2 deficiency). It ameliorates acute lung injury (ALI) in endotoxemic swine (pigs), reducing pulmonary edema and inflammation. It protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke models. It reduces amyloid plaque burden in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. It is effective when administered intraperitoneally or intrathecally. It is a potent protective agent in multiple oxidative stress models. |
| Enzyme Assay |
SOD activity assay (Cytochrome c/WST-1): Incubate EUK-8 (0.1-100 nM) with xanthine (0.1 mM) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in the presence of cytochrome c (10 uM) or WST-1. Measure inhibition of cytochrome c reduction (A550 nm) or WST-1 reduction (A450 nm). Calculate the IC₅0 for superoxide scavenging. Catalase activity assay: Incubate EUK-8 (0.1-10 uM) with 20 mM H2O2. Measure the decrease in H2O2 concentration over time by monitoring absorbance at 240 nm (ε = 43.6 M-¹cm-¹). Calculate the rate of H2O2 decomposition. These methods confirm the dual SOD/catalase activity.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assays (MTT/CCK-8): Seed cells (e.g., primary neurons, PC12, H9c2 cardiac myocytes) in 96-well plates. Pre-treat with EUK-8 (1-100 uM) for 1-24 hours. Induce oxidative stress with H2O2 (100-500 uM), amyloid-beta (1-10 uM), or hypoxia-reoxygenation. Measure cell viability. For protein aggregation studies, express amyloidogenic proteins (e.g., IAPP) in cells or use cell lysates. Add EUK-8 (1-50 uM) and monitor aggregation by Thioflavin T fluorescence or by Western blot analysis of soluble vs. insoluble fractions. EUK-8 should inhibit aggregation and reduce cell death.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Wild-type (WT) and harlequin (Hq) B6CBA male and female mice[3]
Doses: 25 mg/kg/day Route of Administration: Ip 3 times a week for 4 weeks Experimental Results: Prevented myocardial oxidant damage provoked by biomechanical stress. Improved survival following biomechanical stress. Prevented functional and geometrical deterioration in response to pressure overload. Attenuated necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cardiac pressure overload (TAC) model: Subject mice to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce pressure overload-induced heart failure. Administer EUK-8 (25 mg/kg; i.p.; 3 times a week for 4 weeks). Assess cardiac function by echocardiography (ejection fraction, fractional shortening). Measure cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/tibia length). Assess fibrosis via picrosirius red staining. Measure oxidative stress markers (MDA, protein carbonyls) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase). EUK-8 should improve cardiac function and reduce oxidative stress. For acute lung injury: Administer LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) to pigs, treat with EUK-8, and assess lung wet/dry ratio and BAL fluid protein content【1627-L29】【1636-L38】. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
EUK-8 (Manganese(salen) chloride): Molecular formula C1₈H1₆ClMnN2O2 (for the salen complex). Molecular weight: 382.72 g/mol. Appearance: Green to dark green powder. Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (≥20 mM), ethanol, and water (moderate). Storage: Store powder at -20degC or 4degC, protected from light. The compound is air-stable. In solution, store at -80degC for up to 6 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. It is stable under normal conditions. It is a transition metal complex; keep away from strong acids and reducing agents.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
EUK-8 has been reported to be safe in animal studies at doses up to 50 mg/kg i.p. No significant acute toxicity has been observed in rodent models. However, as a manganese complex, high doses may cause manganese accumulation in the brain (potential neurotoxicity), but this is rare in acute studies. Handle with standard laboratory precautions (gloves, lab coat, safety glasses). Avoid inhalation of dust. Not for human therapeutic use. It is a research chemical. Consult SDS for detailed safety information. It is generally regarded as safe for in vitro use at uM concentrations.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
EUK-8 is one of the earliest and most studied salen-manganese complexes, developed by the group of Bernard Meunier. It is named EUK-8 (Eukarion). It is a member of the class of metalloporphyrin and salen-based SOD mimetics. It is not a drug, but a powerful research tool for studying oxidative stress in aging, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. It is often used as a positive control for SOD/catalase mimetic activity. It is used to validate the role of superoxide and H2O2 in disease models. It is stable and readily available. It is also known as EUK-8, manganese(III) chloride salen complex. Store protected from light. Not for human use.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C16H14CLMNN2O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
356.69
|
| Exact Mass |
356.012
|
| CAS # |
53177-12-1
|
| PubChem CID |
171249
|
| Appearance |
Brown to dark brown solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
448.8ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
294.1ºC
|
| LogP |
0.516
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
22
|
| Complexity |
298
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C=NCCN=CC2=CC=CC=C2[O-])[O-].[Cl-].[Mn+3]
|
| InChi Key |
HBQGFROGWOHBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-K
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H16N2O2.ClH.Mn/c19-15-7-3-1-5-13(15)11-17-9-10-18-12-14-6-2-4-8-16(14)20;;/h1-8,11-12,19-20H,9-10H2;1H;/q;;+3/p-3
|
| Chemical Name |
manganese(3+);2-[2-[(2-oxidophenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenolate;chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 8.33 mg/mL (23.35 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8036 mL | 14.0178 mL | 28.0355 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5607 mL | 2.8036 mL | 5.6071 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2804 mL | 1.4018 mL | 2.8036 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
