| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Uric acid sodium targets the immune system through the formation of monosodium urate crystals. These crystals engage the caspase-1-activating cryopyrin inflammasome, leading to the production of active IL-1β and IL-18. This inflammatory response is the basis for its use in modeling gout. Uric acid sodium also acts as an antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
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| ln Vitro |
Sodium (400 μM; 48 hours) prevents lipid peroxidation caused by indomethacin in Caco-2 cells [2]. When cells were treated with both indomethacin and uric acid (200 μM IND plus 400 μM UA; 24 hours), the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was much lower than when cells were incubated with indomethacin alone. When Caco-2 cells were treated with both indomethacin and Uric acid sodium (200 μM IND plus 400 μM UA) for 24 hours, their cell viability was higher than when cells were only treated with indomethacin. Because of its antioxidant properties, sodium urate protects intestinal cells against alterations brought on by indomethacin [2].
In vitro, monosodium urate crystals are used to stimulate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, to study the inflammatory response in gout. The crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to IL-1β secretion. Uric acid sodium is also used as an antioxidant in cell culture to scavenge ROS. |
| ln Vivo |
The enteropathy caused by indomethacin is improved by uric acid sodium (250 mg/kg; oral)[2]. In a mouse model of enteropathy produced by indomethacin, oral treatment of uric acid sodium decreases the formation of ROS in the ileum[2].
In vivo, monosodium urate crystals are injected into joints of animals to induce acute gouty arthritis, a model used to study the pathophysiology of gout and to test anti-inflammatory drugs. The low-dose group showed significant decreases in serum uric acid levels. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for uric acid sodium involve measuring its antioxidant activity by assessing its ability to scavenge free radicals such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. These assays are typically performed using colorimetric or fluorometric methods.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays involve treating macrophages or other immune cells with monosodium urate crystals. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is assessed by measuring IL-1β and IL-18 secretion using ELISA. Cell viability and cytotoxicity are also measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Eightweeks old male C57BL/6J mice[2]
Doses: 250 mg/kg body weight Route of Administration: Po Experimental Results: When mice treated with indomethacin were concurrently administered uric acid orally, ulcer areas were Dramatically decreased, in a uric acid dose-dependent manner. In vivo animal studies for uric acid sodium involve injecting MSU crystals into the joints of rodents, typically the ankle or knee, to induce acute inflammation. The resulting swelling, pain, and inflammatory cell infiltration are measured to assess the severity of gouty arthritis and the efficacy of potential therapeutics. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics of uric acid sodium are not relevant, as it is a research reagent used to model gout or as an antioxidant. It is highly soluble in water and is used to prepare solutions for injection or cell culture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Uric acid sodium is not considered toxic at the concentrations used in research. However, the formation of MSU crystals in joints is the cause of gout, a painful inflammatory condition. The compound is considered safe for use in research applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Allantoin is a product of the oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine, oxypurines, by xanthine oxidase. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, while in most other mammals, uricase oxidase further oxidizes it to allantoin.
Uric acid sodium is a research reagent with no clinical applications or regulatory approvals. It is primarily used to induce and study the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in vitro and in vivo for gout research. Its antioxidant properties also make it a tool for studying oxidative stress. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H3N4NAO3
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|---|---|
| Exact Mass |
190.01
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| CAS # |
1198-77-2
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| Related CAS # |
Uric acid;69-93-2
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| PubChem CID |
23697816
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
337
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C12=C(NC(=O)NC1=O)N=C(N2)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
NAFSTSRULRIERK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O3.Na/c10-3-1-2(7-4(11)6-1)8-5(12)9-3;/h(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;3,7-dihydropurin-9-ide-2,6,8-trione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
1M NaOH: 8.33 mg/mL (43.82 mM)
DMSO: 3.12 mg/mL (16.41 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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