| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Uric acid (400 μM; 48 hours) protects Caco-2 cells from indomethacin-induced lipid peroxidation [2]. Co-treatment of cells with indomethacin and uric acid (200 μM IND plus 400 μM UA; 24 hours) significantly lowered ROS levels compared to cells treated with indomethacin alone. Cell viability in Caco-2 cells treated with both indomethacin and uric acid (200 μM IND plus 400 μM UA; 24 h) was higher than that in cells treated with indomethacin alone. Uric acid has a protective effect against indomethacin-induced alterations in intestinal cells through its antioxidant activity [2].
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 8weeks old male C57BL/6J mice [2]
Doses: 250 mg/kg body weight Route of Administration: Po Experimental Results: When mice are given indomethacin at the same time, uric acid can be used for animal modeling to construct a hypertension model. . After oral administration of uric acid, the ulcer area was Dramatically diminished in a uric acid dose-dependent manner. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Uric acid is eliminated by the kidneys. Metabolism / Metabolites In higher primates and humans, the enzyme, uricase, is absent, and thus uric acid is not further metabolized and is excreted. In all other mammals, uric acid is metabolized by uricase to allantoin, which is then excreted. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione is an oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tautomer of a 2,6-dihydroxy-7,9-dihydro-8H-purin-8-one, a 9H-purine-2,6,8-triol, a 7H-purine-2,6,8-triol, a 1H-purine-2,6,8-triol and a 5,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(9H)-trione.
Uric acid is the last product of purine metabolism in humans. The formation of uric acid is through the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which oxidizes oxypurines. Normally a small amount of uric acid is present in the body, but when there is an excess amount in the blood, called hyperuricemia, this can lead to gout and formation of kidney stones. As a therapeutic agent, it is known that uric acid is increased in response to oxidative stress, and as such, uric acid acts as an antioxidant. At present (August 2013), there is no approved formulation or indication for uric acid. In one country, Spain, uric acid is an investigational drug in a phase 3 trial studying its effects as an adjunct to alteplase in acute ischemic stroke. Uric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Uric acid has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, Punica granatum, and other organisms with data available. Uric Acid is a white tasteless odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism, found in the blood and urine, as well as trace amounts found in the various organs of the body. It can build up and form stones or crystals in various disease states. Uric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN. See also: ... View More ... Drug Indication At present (August 2013), there is no approved indication for uric acid. The potential therapeutic use for uric acid is as an adjunct in acute ischemic stroke. Mechanism of Action The exact mechanism of action for uric acid's antioxidant effects have not yet been elucidated. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H4N4O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
168.1103
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| Exact Mass |
168.028
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| CAS # |
69-93-2
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| Related CAS # |
Uric acid sodium;1198-77-2;Uric acid-13C,15N3;2421217-23-2;Uric acid-15N2;62948-75-8;Uric acid-13C3;2832998-22-6
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| PubChem CID |
1175
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
863ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>300 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
475.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.721
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| LogP |
-1.08
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
332
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
1M NaOH : 8.33 mg/mL (~49.55 mM)
H2O : ~6.25 mg/mL (~37.18 mM) DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 10 mg/mL (59.48 mM) in 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.9485 mL | 29.7424 mL | 59.4849 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1897 mL | 5.9485 mL | 11.8970 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5948 mL | 2.9742 mL | 5.9485 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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