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| Targets |
Not applicable; alpha-D-glucose-d7 is a stable isotope-labeled glucose analog used as a metabolic tracer and internal standard, not a pharmacologically active drug targeting specific biological receptors. The unlabeled parent compound alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite and the primary energy source for most cells, transported into cells via glucose transporters (GLUTs) and metabolized through glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. alpha-D-glucose-d7 is used to trace these pathways without interfering with normal glucose homeostasis.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In cell-free systems, alpha-D-glucose-d7 is used as a standard to calibrate mass spectrometers and NMR spectrometers, and to validate analytical methods for glucose quantification. It is also used in metabolic flux analysis to trace glucose metabolism through glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. The deuterium atoms cause a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) that can influence reaction rates; perdeuterated glucose-d7 exhibits a distinct glycolytic flux profile compared to site-specific isotopologues, with a notable ~8% difference in conversion rates to lactate in perfused rat hearts. It is not typically used for testing biological activity in cell-free enzyme assays. |
| ln Vivo |
alpha-D-glucose-d7 is used as a metabolic tracer in vivo to study glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Administered orally or intravenously, the deuterium label can be tracked into various metabolites (e.g., lactate, pyruvate, alanine) in blood and tissues, as well as directly imaged using deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) to track cerebral glucose metabolism at 7 T. The perdeuterated form (d7) exhibits a different metabolic flux profile compared to other deuterated glucose isotopologues, with a notable ~8% difference in conversion rates to lactate in perfused rat hearts. It is also used as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies to quantify unlabeled glucose.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of glucose, prepare a stock solution of alpha-D-glucose-d7 in water at 1-10 mg/mL. Spike a known amount (e.g., 10-100 ug/mL) of the deuterated standard into biological samples (plasma, urine, tissue homogenates, cell culture media) after protein precipitation with acetonitrile or methanol. Separate on a HILIC or amino column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (75:25) with 0.1% ammonium hydroxide or ammonium formate. Detect by negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI-) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Typical transitions: glucose m/z 179 → 89, 179 → 59; alpha-D-glucose-d7 m/z 186 → 92, 186 → 62 (mass shift of +7 due to seven deuterium atoms). Quantify by isotope dilution using the peak area ratio of unlabeled glucose to alpha-D-glucose-d7 against a calibration curve.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based metabolic flux studies, culture cells in glucose-free or low-glucose medium supplemented with alpha-D-glucose-d7 (1-25 mM) for 0-72 hours. Harvest cells at various time points, wash with PBS, and extract intracellular metabolites with cold methanol/water (80:20 v/v). Analyze the aqueous phase by LC-MS/MS or NMR. The deuterium label can be tracked into downstream metabolites of glycolysis (e.g., glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, pyruvate), the TCA cycle (via pyruvate dehydrogenase), and lactate. For glucose uptake studies, measure the disappearance of alpha-D-glucose-d7 from the culture medium over time. This allows calculation of glucose consumption rates and metabolic fluxes through central carbon metabolism.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo metabolic tracing, fast animals overnight. Administer alpha-D-glucose-d7 via oral gavage (e.g., 1-3 g/kg body weight in water) or intravenous injection (e.g., 0.5-1 g/kg). Collect blood at multiple time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min). For deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI), administer the tracer orally and acquire MR spectra from the brain to track glucose metabolism to lactate, glutamate, and other metabolites. For tissue analysis, harvest liver, muscle, and brain at endpoint, extract metabolites, and analyze by LC-MS/MS as described above. Quantify 2H enrichment in glucose and downstream metabolites (lactate, alanine, glutamate) to calculate metabolic fluxes through glycolysis, TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. This approach is used to study glucose metabolism in diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
alpha-D-glucose-d7: Molecular formula C₆H₅D₇O₆. Molecular weight: 187.20 g/mol (unlabeled glucose 180.16). Appearance: White crystalline powder. Purity: ≥98% by HPLC; isotopic enrichment: typically 97-99 atom% D. Solubility: Soluble in water (1-5 mg/mL). Storage: Store powder at -20degC for up to 3 years; in solution at -80degC for up to 6 months, at -20degC for up to 1 month. Protect from light and moisture. Shipping: Room temperature. The compound is also known as D-Glucose-1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d7 and is supplied as an alpha-anomer-specific powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
alpha-D-glucose-d7 has low toxicity as it is a stable isotope-labeled form of glucose, a naturally occurring sugar. The deuterated analog shares the same safety profile as glucose itself, which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). However, at very high doses, glucose can cause hyperglycemia and metabolic disturbances. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the pure powder: wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses), avoid dust inhalation and contact with eyes, wash hands thoroughly after handling. Not for human therapeutic use. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety information. For research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Hexopyranose is a type of hexose. It has been reported that hexoses are found in pomegranate (Punica granatum), narrow-leaved plum (Prunus angustifolia), and Streptomyces griseus, and relevant data are available. Monosaccharides are sugars containing six carbon atoms in their molecules, such as glucose and fructose. Their chemical formula is usually C6H12O6. See also: D-galactose (note moved to); D-allose (note moved to); D-tarose (note moved to).
alpha-D-glucose-d7 is a perdeuterated monosaccharide (C₆H₅D₇O₆) with a mass shift of M+7 relative to unlabeled glucose. It serves as a foundational tracer and internal standard in quantitative metabolic studies, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry-based flux analyses. The compound is used for deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) to track cerebral glucose metabolism at 7 T. As a perdeuterated isotopologue, it exhibits a distinct glycolytic flux profile compared to site-specific isotopologues, with a notable ~8% difference in conversion rates to lactate in perfused rat hearts. alpha-D-glucose is an endogenous metabolite, and its deuterated form is used as a dopant in quality control of grape juice and in other analytical applications. For research use only; not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H5D7O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
187.20
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| Exact Mass |
187.107
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| CAS # |
23403-54-5
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| Related CAS # |
alpha-D-glucose;492-62-6
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| PubChem CID |
206
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.799g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
410.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
150-152ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
202.2ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.83E-08mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.635
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| LogP |
-2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
151
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([C@@]1(OC([2H])(O)[C@]([2H])(O)[C@@]([2H])(O)[C@]1([2H])O)[2H])([2H])O
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| InChi Key |
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2
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| Chemical Name |
6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3419 mL | 26.7094 mL | 53.4188 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0684 mL | 5.3419 mL | 10.6838 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5342 mL | 2.6709 mL | 5.3419 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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