| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
As a stable isotope-labeled tracer, D-Glucose-13C-4 does not exert a pharmacological effect by binding to a biological target. Instead, it is used to track metabolic pathways. When administered to cells or organisms, it is metabolized through the same pathways as natural glucose, allowing researchers to trace the fate of the ¹³C label through glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle, thereby providing detailed information on metabolic fluxes.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, D-Glucose-13C-4 is used as a tracer in cell culture experiments to study glucose metabolism. Cells are cultured in media containing the labeled glucose, and the incorporation of ¹³C into downstream metabolites is measured using mass spectrometry. This approach allows for the quantification of metabolic pathway activities and the identification of metabolic bottlenecks in various cell types. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-Glucose-13C-4 is administered to animals to study whole-body glucose metabolism. Stable isotope tracing has become an indispensable technique for elucidating the complex web of metabolic pathways that underpin cellular function in both healthy and diseased states. The tracer can be given orally or intravenously, and the ¹³C label is tracked in blood, tissues, and expired CO₂ to measure glucose utilization and metabolic flux.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for D-Glucose-13C-4 are not typical, as the compound functions as a metabolic tracer in living systems. However, it can be used in in vitro enzymatic assays to study the kinetics of glucose-metabolizing enzymes by tracking the transfer of the ¹³C label to reaction products using mass spectrometry or NMR.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments involve culturing cells in media containing D-Glucose-13C-4. After a defined incubation period, cells are harvested, and metabolites are extracted. The ¹³C enrichment in specific metabolites is then analyzed by LC-MS or GC-MS to determine the activity of metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies involve administering D-Glucose-13C-4 to rodents via oral gavage or intravenous injection. Blood samples are collected at various time points to measure glucose clearance and ¹³C enrichment. Tissues are harvested for metabolomic analysis. This approach is widely used in metabolic disease research, including diabetes and obesity, to assess insulin sensitivity and metabolic flux.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics of D-Glucose-13C-4 are identical to those of natural D-glucose, as the isotopic substitution does not alter the molecule's chemical properties. It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, distributed throughout the body, and metabolized via glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The ¹³C label is incorporated into various metabolites and eventually excreted as ¹³CO₂.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
D-Glucose-13C-4 is a stable, non-radioactive isotope that is considered safe for use in research. No significant toxicity is associated with the compound, as it is chemically identical to natural glucose. Standard laboratory safety practices apply when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-Glucose-13C-4 is a research tool with no clinical applications or regulatory approvals. It is primarily used as a tracer for quantitation during the drug development process and in metabolic research. The compound is part of a class of stable heavy isotopes incorporated into drug molecules to study their metabolism and pharmacokinetics. It is fundamental for probing central carbon metabolism.
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| Molecular Formula |
C513CH12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
181.15
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| Exact Mass |
181.067
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| CAS # |
40762-22-9
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| Related CAS # |
D-Glucose;50-99-7
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| PubChem CID |
12285878
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
150-152ºC(lit.)
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| LogP |
-2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
151
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
O1[13C]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-USBRANDWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1/i6+1
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| Chemical Name |
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)(213C)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 250 mg/mL (1380.07 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5203 mL | 27.6014 mL | 55.2029 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1041 mL | 5.5203 mL | 11.0406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5520 mL | 2.7601 mL | 5.5203 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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