| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not applicable; Lignoceric acid-d3 is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard for analytical quantification, not a pharmacologically active drug targeting specific biological receptors. The unlabeled parent compound lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) very-long-chain fatty acid synthesized during brain development in mammals and found in cerebrosides. Deficient peroxisomal oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, including lignoceric acid, contributes to Zellweger syndrome and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Lignoceric acid-d3 is used solely as an internal standard in mass spectrometry for lipidomics.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Lignoceric acid-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard and does not directly exert pharmacological effects in vitro. The unlabeled lignoceric acid is a very-long-chain fatty acid that is oxidized in peroxisomes. In cell-free systems, Lignoceric acid-d3 is used as a standard to calibrate GC-MS or LC-MS instruments for fatty acid analysis. It co-elutes with unlabeled lignoceric acid but is distinguished by its mass shift (M+3), allowing precise quantification by isotope dilution. It is used in lipidomics and quantitative mass spectrometry to support accurate detection and quantitation of C24 fatty acids. It is not typically used for testing biological activity in cell-free enzyme assays. |
| ln Vivo |
Lignoceric acid-d3 is not intended for in vivo use as a therapeutic agent but serves as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies. It can be administered to animals as a tracer to study the peroxisomal oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids. Because it is deuterated (M+3), it can be distinguished from endogenous lignoceric acid by mass spectrometry, enabling accurate quantification of lignoceric acid flux in lipid metabolism studies. This is particularly relevant for studying disorders such as Zellweger syndrome and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, where deficient peroxisomal oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids leads to their accumulation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For quantitative GC-MS analysis of lignoceric acid, prepare a stock solution of Lignoceric acid-d3 in chloroform or hexane at 1 mg/mL. Add a known amount (e.g., 10-100 ng/mL) of the deuterated standard to biological samples (plasma, serum, tissue homogenates) after lipid extraction (e.g., Folch or Bligh-Dyer method). Transesterify the extracted lipids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by heating with methanolic HCl or boron trifluoride/methanol. Extract FAMEs with hexane. Separate on a GC column (e.g., DB-5ms or SP-2560) using a temperature gradient (e.g., 150-250degC). Detect by electron ionization (EI) MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode using the molecular ion of lignoceric acid methyl ester (m/z 382) and Lignoceric acid-d3 methyl ester (m/z 385). Quantify by isotope dilution using the peak area ratio against a calibration curve.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based fatty acid metabolism studies, culture cells (e.g., hepatocytes, fibroblasts from ALD patients, or neurons) in fatty acid-free medium. Add Lignoceric acid-d3 (conjugated to BSA at a ratio of 1:5 to 1:10) to the culture medium at concentrations ranging from 1-20 uM. Incubate for 1-24 hours. Harvest cells, wash with PBS to remove unbound fatty acids, and extract cellular lipids by the Folch method. Transesterify to FAMEs and analyze by GC-MS as described above. Use the deuterated standard to quantify lignoceric acid uptake, incorporation into different lipid classes (especially cerebrosides and sphingolipids), and beta-oxidation. This allows precise measurement of very-long-chain fatty acid metabolism without interference from endogenous lignoceric acid.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo lipid metabolism studies, administer Lignoceric acid-d3 to animals (e.g., mice) by oral gavage (e.g., 10-50 mg/kg in olive oil or corn oil) or intravenous injection (e.g., 5-10 mg/kg in lipid emulsion). Collect blood at multiple time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h). Harvest tissues (liver, brain, adrenal glands, plasma) at endpoint. Extract lipids from plasma and tissues, transesterify to FAMEs, and analyze by GC-MS as described above. Calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and determine the incorporation of lignoceric acid into various lipid pools. This method is particularly useful for studying peroxisomal disorders such as adrenoleukodystrophy and Zellweger syndrome, where very-long-chain fatty acid metabolism is impaired.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Lignoceric acid-d3: Molecular formula C24H4₅D3O2. Molecular weight: 371.7 g/mol (unlabeled lignoceric acid 368.64). Appearance: White to off-white solid. Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d3). Solubility: Chloroform 2 mg/ml, THF 5 mg/ml. Storage: Store powder at -20degC. Protect from light and moisture. In solution, store at -80degC for up to 6 months; at -20degC for up to 1 month. Shipping: Room temperature. The compound is also known as C24:0-d3, FA 24:0-d3.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Lignoceric acid-d3 has low toxicity at typical analytical working concentrations (ng/mL to ug/mL). Lignoceric acid is a naturally occurring very-long-chain fatty acid found in the brain and in cerebrosides, and it is generally regarded as safe at physiological levels. The deuterated analog shares the same safety profile. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the pure compound: wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses), avoid inhalation of powder and contact with skin/eyes, wash hands thoroughly after handling. Not for human therapeutic use. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety information.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Lignoceric acid-d3 is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard for the quantification of lignoceric acid by GC- or LC-MS. Lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) is a 24-carbon saturated (24:0) very-long-chain fatty acid synthesized during brain development in mammals and found in cerebrosides. Deficient peroxisomal oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, including lignoceric acid, contributes to Zellweger cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome and X chromosome-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Lignoceric acid is also a by-product of lignin production. The compound is supplied as a high-purity solid reference standard for research use only. It is intended as an internal standard for lipidomics and quantitative mass spectrometry to support accurate detection and quantitation of C24 fatty acids. Not for human use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C24H45D3O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
371.66
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| Exact Mass |
371.384
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| CAS # |
851073-55-7
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| Related CAS # |
Lignoceric acid;557-59-5;Lignoceric acid-d47;68060-00-4
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| PubChem CID |
44256494
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
405.9±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
182.2±13.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.460
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| LogP |
11.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
22
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
275
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-FIBGUPNXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H48O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24(25)26/h2-23H2,1H3,(H,25,26)/i1D3
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| Chemical Name |
24,24,24-trideuteriotetracosanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6906 mL | 13.4532 mL | 26.9063 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5381 mL | 2.6906 mL | 5.3813 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2691 mL | 1.3453 mL | 2.6906 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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