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| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
The primary diagnostic application of L-Glyceric acid sodium is in detecting and differentiating primary hyperoxalurias. The metabolic defect leading to L-glyceric aciduria is due to deficiencies of D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase, resulting in elevated urinary excretion of L-glyceric acid. This compound serves as a cornerstone diagnostic marker for PH2. No traditional drug target is identified; rather, the absence of enzymatic activity (D-glycerate dehydrogenase/glyoxylate reductase) leads to accumulation of this metabolite. |
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| ln Vitro |
Another name for primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) is L-glyceric aciduria. L-glyceric acid is excreted as a result of the metabolic abnormality, which is caused by deficits in D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase. This is the primary diagnostic marker for PH2[1][2].
In vitro, L-Glyceric acid sodium is used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2), also called L-glyceric aciduria. The metabolic defect underlying PH2 is deficiencies in D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase, leading to the excretion of L-glyceric acid. This compound is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of PH2, and its measurement in urine helps distinguish PH2 from primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). L-Glyceric acid sodium is also an important compound for studying rare inherited metabolic diseases involving oxalate metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Glyceric acid sodium is primarily excreted in urine. Its concentration in urine is measured to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). In individuals with PH2, elevated levels of L-Glyceric acid are detected, whereas PH1 patients do not show this elevation. The compound is naturally occurring and accumulates due to enzymatic deficiencies. No pharmacological activity is intended; its role is diagnostic.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For enzyme activity assays, the enzyme D-glycerate dehydrogenase is purified from liver tissue or expressed recombinantly. The assay mixture (1 mL total volume) contains 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 1 mM NADH, 5 mM hydroxypyruvate, and 5-50 uL of sample (urine or plasma). The reaction is initiated by adding hydroxypyruvate, and the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm (due to NADH oxidation) is monitored for 5-10 minutes at 37degC. L-Glyceric acid sodium (standard) is used as a reference control.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, primary human hepatocytes or HEK293 cells are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells (1×10⁵ cells/well) are treated with L-glyceric acid sodium (0-10 mM) for 24-48 hours. Metabolic changes are assessed by measuring oxalate and glycolate levels in culture medium using enzymatic assays or LC-MS. For gene silencing, siRNA targeting D-glycerate dehydrogenase is used to knock down expression, and L-glyceric acid accumulation is quantified.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, rodent models (rats or mice) are used to study primary hyperoxaluria. A PH2 model is established by administering glycolate (100 mg/kg) or by genetic knockout of GRHPR (glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase). Urine is collected in metabolic cages over 24 hours. L-Glyceric acid sodium levels in urine are measured by LC-MS/MS or enzymatic assays to confirm PH2 phenotype and to evaluate potential treatments.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Glyceric acid sodium is a small molecule (MW 128.06) that is highly soluble in water (50 mg/mL) and stable at -20degC as a powder. It is excreted primarily in urine and is not extensively metabolized. Its excretion pattern in urine serves as a diagnostic biomarker.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an endogenous metabolite, L-Glyceric acid sodium is generally considered non-toxic at physiological levels. Accumulation in L-glyceric aciduria is a consequence of the metabolic disorder, not a cause of toxicity per se. Standard laboratory safety precautions apply when handling this compound. It is not known to cause acute or chronic toxicity in research settings at typical concentrations.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Glyceric acid sodium is a diagnostic metabolite and research compound. It is not an approved drug and has no clinical trials for therapeutic use. Its main application is in clinical diagnostic testing for primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). The compound is used as a reference standard in biochemical assays and metabolomics studies. It is classified as an endogenous metabolite and is available for research purposes only. No pharmacological mechanism or drug-like activity has been established.
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| Molecular Formula |
C3H5NAO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
128.059172391891
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| Exact Mass |
128.008
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| CAS # |
146298-95-5
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| Related CAS # |
L-Glyceric acid;28305-26-2
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| PubChem CID |
154573792
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
73.7
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[Na+].O[C@H](C(=O)[O-])CO
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| InChi Key |
IUEMQUIQAPPJDL-DKWTVANSSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H6O4.Na/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7;/h2,4-5H,1H2,(H,6,7);/q;+1/p-1/t2-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 50 mg/mL (390.44 mM)
DMSO: 10 mg/mL (78.09 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.8088 mL | 39.0442 mL | 78.0884 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.5618 mL | 7.8088 mL | 15.6177 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7809 mL | 3.9044 mL | 7.8088 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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