| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 5mg | ||
| 10mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Not a drug target; L-Glyceric acid is an endogenous urinary metabolite and a diagnostic biomarker, not a pharmacologically active agent targeting specific receptors. Its accumulation in L-glyceric aciduria results from deficits in D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase, which are enzymes involved in the metabolism of glycerate and glyoxylate. The compound itself does not have a defined "drug target" but is used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and other metabolic disorders. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Another name for primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) is L-glyceric aciduria. L-glyceric acid is excreted as a result of the metabolic abnormality, which is caused by deficits in D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase. This is the primary diagnostic marker for PH2[1][2].
In cell-free systems, L-Glyceric acid is used as a reference standard for analytical method development and validation. It can be quantified by LC-MS/MS or enzymatic assays. In biochemical studies, it may be used as a substrate or inhibitor for enzymes such as D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase, which are involved in glycerate metabolism. However, its primary use is as a diagnostic biomarker rather than as a tool to probe enzyme activity. As an endogenous metabolite, it does not exert pharmacological effects in vitro at physiological concentrations. |
| ln Vivo |
L-Glyceric acid is a urinary metabolite that accumulates in patients with L-glyceric aciduria, a rare inherited metabolic disease resulting from deficits in D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase. It is also used as a biomarker to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and to distinguish between PH1 and PH2 diseases. Elevated urinary excretion of L-glyceric acid is indicative of these metabolic disorders. The compound is not used as a therapeutic agent but rather as a diagnostic tool. In research, it can be measured in urine samples to assess metabolic function and to study the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For the detection and quantification of L-Glyceric acid in urine, a common method is LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Collect urine samples (e.g., 24-hour urine). Add an internal standard (e.g., L-glyceric acid-d2 or another stable isotope-labeled analog). Optionally, derivatize the sample (e.g., with BSTFA for GC-MS or with butanol for LC-MS) to improve volatility or ionization. For LC-MS/MS, separate on a HILIC or amino column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water with 0.1% formic acid. Detect by negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI-) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Typical transitions: L-Glyceric acid m/z 105 → 59 (loss of CO2) or m/z 105 → 73. Quantify by isotope dilution against a calibration curve prepared from L-glyceric acid reference standard. This method is used for the diagnosis of L-glyceric aciduria and primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2).
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, L-Glyceric acid is not typically used in live cell assays as it is a metabolic end product. However, for studies of glycerate metabolism, cells (e.g., hepatocytes or kidney cells) can be cultured in medium containing precursors of glycerate (e.g., glycolate or serine). L-Glyceric acid levels in the culture medium can be quantified by LC-MS/MS as described above. This allows researchers to study the activity of enzymes involved in glycerate metabolism, such as D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase, in the context of primary hyperoxaluria. Treatment with inhibitors or genetic modifications can be evaluated. The compound is not administered as a test agent but rather measured as a biomarker endpoint.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo diagnostic and research studies, collect urine samples from animal models (e.g., mice with genetic defects in D-glycerate dehydrogenase or glyoxylate reductase) or from human patients suspected of L-glyceric aciduria or primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). Add L-Glyceric acid-d2 or another internal standard to urine samples. Perform sample preparation (dilution, derivatization if needed) and analyze by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS as described in the assay protocol above. Quantify L-Glyceric acid levels using isotope dilution. Elevated urinary excretion of L-Glyceric acid is diagnostic for L-glyceric aciduria and PH2 and can help distinguish PH2 from PH1 (primary hyperoxaluria type 1). This method is used for diagnostic purposes and for monitoring the efficacy of treatments in these disorders.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Glyceric acid: Molecular formula C3H₆O4. Molecular weight: 106.08 g/mol. Appearance: White to off-white solid. Solubility: Soluble in water, methanol, and DMSO. Storage: Store powder at -20degC, sealed, protected from light and moisture. It is an endogenous metabolite and a urinary biomarker. Purity: Typically ≥95% for research grade. The compound is also known as L-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid and (S)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic Acid. It is supplied as an analytical reference standard for research purposes.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an endogenous urinary metabolite, L-Glyceric acid has low toxicity at physiological levels. Elevated levels are indicative of disease, but the compound itself is not toxic per se. The compound is used as a diagnostic biomarker and reference standard, not as a therapeutic agent. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the pure compound: wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses), avoid inhalation of powder and contact with skin/eyes, wash hands thoroughly after handling. Not for human therapeutic use. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety information. For research use only.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
L-glyceric acid is an optically active glyceric acid with an L-configuration. It is a glyceric acid and also a (2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is an enantiomer of D-glyceric acid. (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropionic acid has been reported in Lotus burttii, Lotus tenuis, and other organisms with relevant data.
L-Glyceric acid is a urinary metabolite that accumulates in the rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria, caused by deficits in D-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase. It is also a biomarker for primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and can be used to distinguish between PH1 and PH2 diseases. The L-enantiomer is the form that accumulates in these disorders; the D-enantiomer is formed from D-glycerate. The compound is an endogenous metabolite and a human urinary metabolite present in patients with L-glyceric aciduria. It is supplied as an analytical reference standard for research and diagnostic purposes. For research use only; not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H6O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
106.08
|
| Exact Mass |
106.027
|
| CAS # |
28305-26-2
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| Related CAS # |
L-Glyceric acid sodium;146298-95-5
|
| PubChem CID |
6326776
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| LogP |
-1.5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
7
|
| Complexity |
69.3
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
OC[C@@H](C(=O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-REOHCLBHSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H6O4/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7/h2,4-5H,1H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (2356.71 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (19.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (19.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (19.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.4268 mL | 47.1342 mL | 94.2685 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8854 mL | 9.4268 mL | 18.8537 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9427 mL | 4.7134 mL | 9.4268 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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