| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an analytical standard, Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is not used for studying biological targets. The non-deuterated parent compound, heptadecanoic acid, is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid that is incorporated into cellular membranes and used as a biomarker for dairy fat intake. Plasma levels of heptadecanoic acid are associated with various diseases, including coronary heart disease, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Heptadecanoic acid is involved in fatty acid metabolism, lipid signaling, and energy homeostasis. It does not have a specific drug target but serves as a biomarker of metabolic status.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is not used for in vitro activity studies; it serves exclusively as an analytical internal standard and tracer. The non-deuterated parent compound, heptadecanoic acid, is used in cell culture models to study fatty acid uptake, metabolism, and incorporation into cellular lipids. When added to cell culture media complexed with BSA, heptadecanoic acid is taken up by cells (e.g., hepatocytes, adipocytes, myocytes), activated to its acyl-CoA derivative, and incorporated into triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters. It is also used as a reference standard in studies of fatty acid oxidation and lipid droplet formation. Heptadecanoic acid is also used in studies of odd-chain fatty acid metabolism, where it undergoes beta-oxidation to produce propionyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle. |
| ln Vivo |
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is not intended for in vivo activity studies; it is used exclusively as an internal standard for analytical quantification. The non-deuterated parent compound, heptadecanoic acid, is an endogenous fatty acid found in human plasma and tissues. Its levels are influenced by dairy fat intake and have been used as a biomarker for dairy consumption in epidemiological studies. Heptadecanoic acid can be metabolized via beta-oxidation to produce propionyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle. No pharmacological activity is attributed to heptadecanoic acid as a drug. It is used as a biomarker for metabolic disease risk (e.g., type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease) rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (analytical quantification), Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is prepared as a stock solution in hexane, methanol, or chloroform (1 mg/mL). For GC-MS analysis, fatty acids are derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using BF3-methanol (14% w/v) at 60degC for 30 minutes. The FAMEs are extracted with hexane and injected onto a GC column with a flame ionization detector or MS detection in SIM mode. For LC-MS/MS, samples are extracted using liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The organic layer is evaporated, reconstituted in mobile phase (methanol:water:ammonium acetate), and injected onto a C18 column (2.1×50 mm, 1.8 um). MRM transitions: heptadecanoic acid 269.4→269.4 (or specific fragment ions), heptadecanoic acid-d33 303.5→303.5 (or 303.5→259.4). For non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) analysis, samples are extracted without derivatization in negative ion mode.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is not used for activity studies. For the non-deuterated compound, hepatocytes (e.g., HepG2 cells), adipocytes (3T3-L1), or primary human cells are seeded in 6-well plates (1×10⁶ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. After 24 hours, cells are treated with heptadecanoic acid (1-100 uM) complexed with fatty acid-free BSA (molar ratio 5:1) for 24-48 hours. Fatty acid uptake is measured using fluorescent BODIPY-labeled fatty acids (e.g., BODIPY 500/510 C1-C12). Intracellular lipid accumulation is assessed by Oil Red O staining or Nile Red fluorescence. For quantification, cells are harvested and lipids are extracted with hexane:isopropanol (3:2, v/v). Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is added as internal standard before extraction, and samples are analyzed by GC-MS or LC-MS. For fatty acid oxidation studies, cells are treated with 3H- or 14C-labeled palmitate or heptadecanoate, and 3H2O or 14CO2 production is measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is not typically administered to animals as a drug. For pharmacokinetic studies of odd-chain fatty acids, heptadecanoic acid (non-deuterated) can be administered orally (50-200 mg/kg) or intravenously to rats. Heptadecanoic acid-d33 (fixed concentration) is added to plasma samples as internal standard before LC-MS/MS analysis. For tissue distribution studies, organs (liver, adipose tissue, heart, skeletal muscle, brain) are harvested, and lipids are extracted. For nutritional studies, animals are fed diets containing dairy fat or labeled fatty acids, and plasma heptadecanoic acid levels are quantified using the deuterated standard. For metabolic disease models, heptadecanoic acid levels in plasma and tissues are measured as a biomarker of fat intake and metabolic health.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 has a molecular weight of 303.39, with 33 deuterium atoms providing a mass shift of +33 Da relative to non-deuterated heptadecanoic acid (MW 270.45). The compound is a white solid powder with a melting point of 59-61degC. It is soluble in organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, DMF (25 mg/mL), DMSO (10 mg/mL), and ethanol (25 mg/mL). The compound is very lipophilic (logP approximately 8.0). It should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years, and in solution at -80degC for up to 6 months or at -20degC for up to 1 month. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions and should be protected from light and moisture. The deuterium label is non-radioactive and stable.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is a stable isotope-labeled compound with minimal toxicity at analytical concentrations (ng-ug per sample). The non-deuterated parent compound, heptadecanoic acid, is an endogenous saturated fatty acid generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at dietary intake levels. High doses of saturated fatty acids may affect lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, but these effects are not relevant at the low concentrations used for internal standards (nanograms to micrograms). Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic compounds should be followed. The compound is non-radioactive and safe for use in research laboratories. No significant acute toxicity has been reported.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is an analytical standard and research tool, not an approved drug. No clinical trials have been conducted with the deuterated version for therapeutic purposes. The non-deuterated parent compound, heptadecanoic acid, is an endogenous fatty acid used as a biomarker for dairy fat intake in nutritional epidemiology studies. It has been investigated as a potential biomarker for milk consumption and as a predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk (e.g., type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, multiple sclerosis). Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is used exclusively as an internal standard for quantitative GC-MS or LC-MS analysis of odd-chain saturated fatty acids in biological samples, food products, and environmental samples. It is also used in lipidomics studies and metabolic flux analysis (tracing of odd-chain fatty acid metabolism). Available for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17HD33O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
303.65
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| Exact Mass |
303.463
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| CAS # |
352431-41-5
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| Related CAS # |
Heptadecanoic acid;506-12-7
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| PubChem CID |
102601131
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
298.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
158.4±12.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.455
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| LogP |
7.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
190
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-TUWMXWROSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H34O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17(18)19/h2-16H2,1H3,(H,18,19)/i1D3,2D2,3D2,4D2,5D2,6D2,7D2,8D2,9D2,10D2,11D2,12D2,13D2,14D2,15D2,16D2
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| Chemical Name |
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,17,17,17-tritriacontadeuterioheptadecanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2933 mL | 16.4663 mL | 32.9327 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6587 mL | 3.2933 mL | 6.5865 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3293 mL | 1.6466 mL | 3.2933 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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