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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Heptadecanoic acid targets cellular metabolism and apoptosis pathways. As a saturated fatty acid, it is involved in energy production and serves as a substrate for β-oxidation. It is associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. It functions as an apoptosis-related activator.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, heptadecanoic acid is used as a substrate for the production of energy in cells. It is a saturated fatty acid that can be metabolized by cells to produce ATP through β-oxidation. The compound is used in cell culture studies to investigate fatty acid metabolism, energy production, and the effects of odd-chain fatty acids on cellular function. It is an apoptosis-related activator.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, heptadecanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite and an odd-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been linked to coronary heart disease, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. It is used as a biological marker for intake of milk fat SFAs. The compound is involved in fatty acid metabolism and energy production in tissues.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for fatty acid metabolism involve incubating heptadecanoic acid with enzymes such as acyl-CoA synthetase or β-oxidation enzymes in buffer at pH 7.4. The conversion to acyl-CoA or the production of acetyl-CoA is monitored by spectrophotometric assays or by LC-MS/MS. The compound is used as a substrate for studying fatty acid oxidation and metabolism.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, cells are cultured in medium supplemented with heptadecanoic acid at concentrations of 0.1-10 mM, often complexed with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Fatty acid uptake and metabolism are analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Apoptosis is evaluated by flow cytometry. The compound's effects on lipid metabolism and cell signaling are assessed by measuring lipid intermediates and gene expression.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, heptadecanoic acid is administered to rodents via oral gavage at doses of 10-100 mg/kg. Blood and tissue samples are collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Fatty acid levels are quantified by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS. The compound is used as an internal standard in mass spectrometric methods for total fatty acids and as a biological marker for milk fat intake.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Heptadecanoic acid (MW 270.45) has a molecular formula of C17H34O2. It is soluble in DMSO (54 mg/mL). The compound is stable as a powder at -20°C for 3 years and at 4°C for 2 years, and in solvent at -80°C for 6 months. It is a saturated fatty acid that is metabolized through β-oxidation. It is an endogenous metabolite.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is for research use only. No specific toxicity data are available. As an endogenous fatty acid, it is expected to have low toxicity at physiological concentrations. High doses may affect lipid metabolism and cellular function. Standard safety precautions should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Heptadecanoic acid (HPE) is a C17 saturated fatty acid found in trace amounts in ruminant fat. It functions as a metabolite in mammals, large fleas (Daphnia magna), and algae. It is a long-chain fatty acid and also a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the conjugate acid of magna. Magna is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strains K12 and MG1655). HPE has also been reported in Hoya crassipes, Hoya pseudolanceolata, and other organisms with relevant data. Magna is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 17-carbon backbone. HPE is naturally found in ruminant fat and milk fat, but in small amounts. HPE is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Fatty acids, C14-22 (note moved to); Fatty acids, C16-18 (note moved to).
Heptadecanoic acid (CAS# 506-12-7) is an endogenous metabolite and research reagent used primarily in studies of fatty acid metabolism, lipidomics, and as an internal standard for fatty acid quantification. It has not been investigated in clinical trials nor approved as a therapeutic drug. The compound is also used as a biological marker for milk fat intake and in studies of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H34O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
270.45
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| Exact Mass |
270.255
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| CAS # |
506-12-7
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| Related CAS # |
Heptadecanoic acid-d3;202528-95-8;Heptadecanoic acid-d33;352431-41-5
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| PubChem CID |
10465
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| Appearance |
White to off-white <59°C powder,>61°C liquid
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
298.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
61.3 °C
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| Flash Point |
158.4±12.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.455
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| LogP |
7.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
190
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H34O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17(18)19/h2-16H2,1H3,(H,18,19)
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| Chemical Name |
heptadecanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (369.75 mM)
H2O: < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 3 mg/mL (11.09 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6975 mL | 18.4877 mL | 36.9754 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7395 mL | 3.6975 mL | 7.3951 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3698 mL | 1.8488 mL | 3.6975 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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