| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope internal standard. Tyramine itself is a naturally occurring monoamine that acts as an indirect sympathomimetic amine, causing release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals. It is a substrate for monoamine oxidase (MAO) and is involved in blood pressure regulation. The deuterated version follows the same biochemical interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As an internal standard, p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is not tested for in vitro pharmacological activity. The non-labeled tyramine hydrochloride is an amino acid derivative that occurs naturally in the body and in certain foods (aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented products). In cell-based assays, tyramine induces norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve endings and can be used to study monoamine neurotransmitter dynamics. |
| ln Vivo |
p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is used as an internal standard and does not have independent in vivo activity. The non-labeled tyramine is involved in blood pressure regulation via norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals. Oral tyramine can cause pressor responses in individuals taking MAO inhibitors due to impaired tyramine metabolism. The compound is used to study monoamine metabolism and neurotransmitter pathways.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro experiments using p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride as an internal standard, the compound is dissolved in an appropriate solvent such as water, methanol, or 0.1% formic acid in water to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 1 mg/mL). The internal standard is added to biological samples (cell lysates, plasma, urine) at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-100 ng/mL) before extraction. Proteins are precipitated with methanol or acetonitrile, and the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS to quantify tyramine levels.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is not used as a treatment but as an analytical reagent. Cells (e.g., neuronal cell lines, adrenal medullary cells, or enterochromaffin cells) are cultured in standard medium. After experimental treatments (e.g., with MAO inhibitors or compounds affecting catecholamine metabolism), cell lysates or culture supernatants are collected. The internal standard p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is added, followed by protein precipitation and LC-MS/MS analysis to quantify endogenous tyramine levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is not administered to animals independently. It is used as an internal standard for quantifying tyramine in biological samples obtained from animals treated with experimental compounds or subjected to dietary interventions. After collection of plasma, urine, or tissue homogenates, the internal standard is added at a fixed concentration, samples are extracted and derivatized as needed, and analyzed by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS to determine absolute tyramine concentrations.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is an internal standard and has no independent PK parameters. Tyramine itself has poor oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the gut and liver. Plasma half-life of tyramine in humans is approximately 10-30 minutes. When ingested, tyramine is rapidly metabolized to inactive metabolites. The deuterated version follows identical ADME properties and is used to calibrate analytical methods for the endogenous amine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Tyramine is a naturally occurring monoamine present in all mammalian systems. Acute toxicity of tyramine is low (LD50 in rats >500 mg/kg). The primary safety concern is its pressor effect in individuals taking MAO inhibitors, leading to hypertensive crisis. In research use, p-Tyramine-d4 hydrochloride is handled at trace quantities (microg-mg). Standard laboratory precautions (gloves, safety glasses, fume hood) are recommended. Not intended for human consumption.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This compound is not a drug but a deuterium-labeled stable isotope internal standard. It has no approved therapeutic status, no clinical trial history, and is not intended for human consumption. It is used exclusively as an analytical standard for the quantification of tyramine by GC- or LC-MS in pharmaceutical research, metabolomics, neurotransmitter analysis, and food safety studies. p-Tyramine-d4 is also known as 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine-d4, Tyrosamine-d4, and Uteramine-d4. Available with ≥95% purity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H8D4CLNO
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
177.66
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| Exact Mass |
177.086
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| CAS # |
1189884-47-6
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| Related CAS # |
Tyramine hydrochloride;60-19-5
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| PubChem CID |
45040665
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2.395
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
87.3
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C([2H])([2H])N.Cl
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| InChi Key |
RNISDHSYKZAWOK-NXMSQKFDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H11NO.ClH/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7;/h1-4,10H,5-6,9H2;1H/i5D2,6D2;
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| Chemical Name |
4-(2-amino-1,1,2,2-tetradeuterioethyl)phenol;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6287 mL | 28.1436 mL | 56.2873 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1257 mL | 5.6287 mL | 11.2575 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5629 mL | 2.8144 mL | 5.6287 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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