| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride targets the carnitine shuttle system and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Acetyl-L-carnitine facilitates the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production. The labeled form is used as a tracer to study carnitine metabolism and mitochondrial function. Its "target" in research is fatty acid metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro activity of Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride is measured as its utility as a tracer in metabolic studies. In cell culture, the labeled carnitine is incorporated into metabolic pathways, allowing for tracking via mass spectrometry. Its "activity" is reflected in its metabolic incorporation and its ability to serve as a probe for studying carnitine metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride is used to study carnitine metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial function in living organisms. Administered orally or intravenously, the labeled carnitine is absorbed, distributed to tissues, and incorporated into metabolic pathways. These studies provide quantitative data on carnitine kinetics and energy metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays with Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride typically involve studying enzymes of carnitine metabolism such as carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) or carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT). The labeled substrate is incubated with enzyme preparations, and the reaction products are analyzed by mass spectrometry. These assays provide mechanistic insights into enzyme kinetics.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments with Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride involve supplementing cell culture media with the labeled carnitine. Cells (e.g., muscle cells, neurons) are cultured to allow incorporation of the label. Following incubation, cells are harvested, and metabolites are extracted for analysis by mass spectrometry to study carnitine metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride typically involve administering the labeled compound via oral gavage or injection to rodents. Blood, tissues (muscle, brain, liver), and excreta are collected at various time points. Isotopic enrichment of acetylcarnitine and its metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. These studies provide quantitative data on whole-body carnitine metabolism.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride are essentially identical to those of natural acetyl-L-carnitine. Acetyl-L-carnitine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, distributed throughout the body, and utilized in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The deuterium label allows for precise tracking of its distribution and metabolism.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride has a low toxicity profile since acetyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring mitochondrial metabolite. The deuterium label does not introduce additional toxicity. For research use, standard laboratory safety practices are sufficient. It is not considered a hazardous substance.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled form of acetyl-L-carnitine, a mitochondrial metabolite involved in fatty acid transport into mitochondria for energy. It is used as a tracer in pharmaceutical and biochemical research. The compound is not a drug and has no therapeutic indications. It is available for laboratory research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H15D3CLNO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
242.72
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| Exact Mass |
242.111
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| CAS # |
1334532-17-0
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| Related CAS # |
Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride;5080-50-2
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| PubChem CID |
126456053
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
214
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])OC(=O)C.Cl
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| InChi Key |
JATPLOXBFFRHDN-WVKKGGDISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H17NO4.ClH/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4;/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3;1H/t8-;/m1./s1/i2D3;
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| Chemical Name |
(3R)-3-acetyloxy-4-[dimethyl(trideuteriomethyl)azaniumyl]butanoate;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1200 mL | 20.5999 mL | 41.1997 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8240 mL | 4.1200 mL | 8.2399 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4120 mL | 2.0600 mL | 4.1200 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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