| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a stable isotope-labeled compound, 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 does not exert its effects through binding to specific pharmacological targets in the traditional sense. Instead, its "target" is the metabolic pathways in which 2'-deoxyguanosine participates. 2'-Deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside that is a component of DNA. It is incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis and is also a product of DNA degradation. The compound is involved in nucleic acid metabolism and is a precursor for the synthesis of DNA. The ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled version of 2'-deoxyguanosine enables researchers to track the fate of both carbon and nitrogen atoms through DNA synthesis and degradation pathways. By following the isotope labels using mass spectrometry, investigators can quantify the rates of DNA synthesis, assess the impact of disease states on DNA metabolism, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on nucleic acid metabolism. This makes 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 a powerful tool for studying cell proliferation, DNA repair, and nucleic acid metabolism.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 is used as a tracer for studying DNA synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and genetic research. The compound is added to cell culture media to study DNA synthesis and nucleoside metabolism. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 is added at various concentrations for varying periods. Following incubation, cells are harvested, and DNA is extracted using standard methods. The DNA is then hydrolyzed to nucleosides, and the ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of deoxyguanosine is measured by mass spectrometry. This allows researchers to quantify the incorporation of labeled deoxyguanosine into DNA, which is a measure of DNA synthesis. The compound is also used as an internal standard for the quantification of 2'-deoxyguanosine in biological samples by mass spectrometry. The fully labeled compound ensures that it can be distinguished from endogenous 2'-deoxyguanosine, allowing for accurate quantification even in complex biological matrices. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 enables precise tracking of DNA synthesis and nucleic acid metabolism. Following administration to animals (typically via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion), the compound is distributed throughout the body and incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels allow for the specific detection of the compound in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled 2'-deoxyguanosine. Blood and tissue samples are collected at various time points, and DNA is extracted and hydrolyzed to nucleosides. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of deoxyguanosine is measured by mass spectrometry. This allows researchers to quantify DNA synthesis in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on cell proliferation, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on DNA metabolism. The compound is also used in stable isotope tracer studies to assess the turnover of DNA and the effects of DNA-damaging agents.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 are not typically performed, as the compound is primarily used as a tracer for DNA synthesis and nucleic acid metabolism. However, the compound can be used in enzymatic assays to study the activity of enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as DNA polymerases, nucleoside kinases, and nucleotidases. In these assays, the enzyme is incubated with 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 and other substrates, and the formation of labeled products (e.g., deoxyguanosine monophosphate, deoxyguanosine triphosphate, or DNA) is measured by mass spectrometry. The use of a fully labeled substrate allows for the specific detection of enzyme-derived products without interference from endogenous unlabeled metabolites. These assays are typically performed in buffered solutions at physiological pH and temperature, with reaction termination by addition of acid or organic solvent.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based experiments with 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 involve adding the labeled compound to cell culture media and studying its incorporation into DNA. Cells are cultured in standard growth media, and 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 is added at various concentrations (typically 1-100 μM) for varying periods (hours to days). Following incubation, cells are harvested, and DNA is extracted using standard methods (e.g., phenol-chloroform extraction or commercial kits). The DNA is then hydrolyzed to nucleosides using DNAse, snake venom phosphodiesterase, and alkaline phosphatase. The nucleosides are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of deoxyguanosine. This allows researchers to quantify the incorporation of labeled deoxyguanosine into DNA, which is a measure of DNA synthesis. The compound is also used in pulse-chase experiments, where cells are briefly exposed to the labeled compound (pulse) and then switched to unlabeled media (chase) to study the turnover of DNA. Cell viability is routinely monitored to ensure that the labeled compound does not affect cell health. Each experiment includes appropriate controls (unlabeled cells, vehicle controls) and is performed in triplicate to ensure statistical reliability.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 involve administration of the labeled compound to animals followed by collection of tissues for DNA extraction and mass spectrometry analysis. The compound is typically administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion at doses ranging from 1-100 mg/kg. Following administration, animals are euthanized at various time points (typically 1, 4, 8, 24 hours), and tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, bone marrow) are collected. DNA is extracted from the tissues, hydrolyzed to nucleosides, and the ¹³C and ¹⁵N enrichment of deoxyguanosine is measured by LC-MS/MS. This allows researchers to quantify DNA synthesis in different organs and tissues, assess the impact of disease states on cell proliferation, and evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions on DNA metabolism. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines, with appropriate sample sizes (typically n=4-6 per group) to ensure statistical power.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 are studied using the isotope labels to track the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of 2'-deoxyguanosine. Following oral or intravenous administration, the compound is rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels allow for the specific detection of administered 2'-deoxyguanosine in biological samples without interference from endogenous unlabeled 2'-deoxyguanosine. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, and bioavailability can be calculated from the concentration-time profiles of labeled 2'-deoxyguanosine in plasma and tissues. 2'-Deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside that is a component of DNA. It is transported across cell membranes by nucleoside transporters and is metabolized through several pathways, including phosphorylation to deoxyguanosine monophosphate, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, and deoxyguanosine triphosphate, which are incorporated into DNA. The labeled compound enables precise tracking of these metabolic processes.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 is consistent with that of natural 2'-deoxyguanosine, an endogenous nucleoside that is a normal component of DNA. 2'-Deoxyguanosine is a normal component of the diet and is involved in nucleic acid metabolism. The ¹³C and ¹⁵N labels are stable isotopes that do not impart any additional toxicity to the compound. The compound is supplied as a high-purity research chemical for laboratory use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. As with all chemicals, ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact should be avoided.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 is a valuable research tool for studying DNA synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and genetic research. It is a stable isotope-labeled analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, incorporating ten carbon-13 and five nitrogen-15 isotopes. The compound has the molecular formula ¹³C₁₀H₁₅¹⁵N₅O₅ and a molecular weight of 300.15 g/mol. 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate is an endogenously produced metabolite. The compound is used as a tracer for studying DNA synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, and genetic research. It is not a drug and is not approved for any clinical indication. It is strictly for research use only. Its high purity and isotopic enrichment ensure accurate and reproducible results in analytical applications. 2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 is an essential tool for studying DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and nucleic acid metabolism.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C10H15N5O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
300.150195360184
|
| Exact Mass |
300.126
|
| CAS # |
2483830-26-6
|
| Related CAS # |
2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate;312693-72-4
|
| PubChem CID |
168006987
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
20
|
| Complexity |
417
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
[13CH2]1[13C@@H]([13C@H](O[13C@H]1[15N]2[13CH]=[15N][13C]3=[13C]2[15N]=[13C]([15NH][13C]3=O)[15NH2])[13CH2]O)O.O
|
| InChi Key |
LZSCQUCOIRGCEJ-DKCGKRJGSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4.H2O/c11-10-13-8-7(9(18)14-10)12-3-15(8)6-1-4(17)5(2-16)19-6;/h3-6,16-17H,1-2H2,(H3,11,13,14,18);1H2/t4-,5+,6+;/m0./s1/i1+1,2+1,3+1,4+1,5+1,6+1,7+1,8+1,9+1,10+1,11+1,12+1,13+1,14+1,15+1;
|
| Chemical Name |
2-(15N)azanyl-9-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxy(113C)methyl)(2,3,4,5-13C4)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one;hydrate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3317 mL | 16.6583 mL | 33.3167 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6663 mL | 3.3317 mL | 6.6633 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3332 mL | 1.6658 mL | 3.3317 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
