| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
No direct pharmacological target; it is a substrate for DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases, facilitating DNA synthesis. Its monophosphate (dGMP) is phosphorylated to dGDP and dGTP, which serves as a building block for DNA. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Inhibits clonogenic growth of HL-60 and K562 leukemia cells with IC50s of 80 uM and 100 uM. Serves as a nucleoside supplement in cell culture to study mitochondrial DNA copy number in deoxyguanosine kinase (dguok) mutant zebrafish. Used by DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases to synthesize DNA.
|
| ln Vivo |
Used as a nucleoside supplement in zebrafish models to study mitochondrial DNA copy number in dguok mutants, providing insights into mitochondrial DNA depletion disorders. Endogenous metabolite involved in the salvage pathway for purine nucleotide synthesis, converted to dGMP by deoxyguanosine kinase, bypassing de novo synthesis.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
(1) DNA polymerase activity: Incubate DNA polymerase (0.1-1 U) with 2'-deoxyguanosine (or its triphosphate) along with other dNTPs, template-primer, and Mg2+ buffer at 37degC for 30-60 min. (2) Measure incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides by scintillation counting or fluorescence (SYBR Green). (1) Seed HL-60 or K562 cells (5,000-10,000/well) in 96-well plates. (2) Treat with 2'-deoxyguanosine monohydrate (0.1-200 uM, 48-72 h). (3) Add CellTiter-Glo or MTT, calculate IC50. (4) For dguok mutant zebrafish: add compound (0.1-1 mM) to aquarium water for 5-7 days, extract DNA, quantify mitochondrial DNA copy number by qPCR. (5) For apoptosis: stain with Annexin V-FITC/PI, analyze by flow cytometry.
|
| Animal Protocol |
(1) For zebrafish: use dguok mutant embryos at 24-48 h post-fertilization. (2) Add 2'-deoxyguanosine monohydrate (0.1-1 mM) to aquarium water for 5-7 days with water changes every 2 days. (3) Harvest embryos, extract DNA, quantify mtDNA copy number by qPCR. (4) For cancer: use BALB/c nude mice bearing HL-60 or K562 xenografts, administer compound IV (10-50 mg/kg) daily for 14 days in saline, monitor tumor volume and body weight, perform TUNEL and Western blot for caspase-3.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Soluble in water (10-50 mg/mL), DMSO (≥20 mg/mL), formic acid, and warm acetic acid. For cell culture, dissolve in culture medium directly or prepare stock in sterile water and filter sterilize. For in vivo, dissolve in sterile saline or PBS (2-10 mg/mL). Storage: powder at -20degC for 3 years; in DMSO at -80degC for 6 months. Endogenous nucleoside, non-toxic at physiological levels (plasma 0.1-2 uM).
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In vitro: HEK293 cells, up to 500 uM shows no significant cytotoxicity; HL-60/K562 growth inhibition at 80-100 uM. In vivo: acute oral LD50 >2000 mg/kg; IV 50-100 mg/kg well tolerated. No teratogenic or mutagenic effects reported.
|
| Additional Infomation |
2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate is a naturally occurring purine deoxynucleoside essential for DNA synthesis and repair. It is a key component of the purine salvage pathway, phosphorylated by deoxyguanosine kinase to dGMP, then to dGDP and dGTP, which is incorporated into DNA. Used to study mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (e.g., dguok mutations). Not FDA-approved as a drug; strictly for research use.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C10H15N5O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
285.26
|
| Exact Mass |
267.097
|
| CAS # |
312693-72-4
|
| Related CAS # |
2'-Deoxyguanosine;961-07-9;2'-Deoxyguanosine-13C10,15N5 monohydrate;2483830-26-6;2'-Deoxyguanosine-d2 monohydrate;478511-28-3;2'-Deoxyguanosine-d monohydrate
|
| PubChem CID |
135445705
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
801.4ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
300ºC
|
| Flash Point |
438.5ºC
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
20
|
| Complexity |
417
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N)CO)O.O
|
| InChi Key |
LZSCQUCOIRGCEJ-FPKZOZHISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4.H2O/c11-10-13-8-7(9(18)14-10)12-3-15(8)6-1-4(17)5(2-16)19-6;/h3-6,16-17H,1-2H2,(H3,11,13,14,18);1H2/t4-,5+,6+;/m0./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-9-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-6-one;hydrate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~25 mg/mL (~87.64 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (4.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5056 mL | 17.5279 mL | 35.0557 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7011 mL | 3.5056 mL | 7.0111 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3506 mL | 1.7528 mL | 3.5056 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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