| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pyruvic acid-13C sodium has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope tracer. The unlabeled sodium pyruvate is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and the TCA cycle. It is the end product of glycolysis and serves as the primary substrate for the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which produces acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis to the TCA cycle.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope tracer, Pyruvic acid-13C sodium is not tested for in vitro pharmacological activity. In cell culture studies, it is used to trace pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle flux, and gluconeogenesis. The 13C label enables precise tracking of pyruvate as it is converted to lactate, alanine, oxaloacetate, and acetyl-CoA, providing insights into central carbon metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
Pyruvic acid-13C sodium has no independent in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. It is used in animal and human studies as a stable isotope tracer to study whole-body carbohydrate metabolism, TCA cycle activity, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and mitochondrial diseases. Unlabeled pyruvate has been studied for its potential benefits in heart failure and metabolic syndrome.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro LC-MS or NMR studies, Pyruvic acid-13C sodium is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (water, PBS, or cell culture medium) to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 10-100 mM). For metabolic flux analysis, the tracer is added to enzyme reaction mixtures or cell culture media. Samples are collected at various time points, and metabolites are extracted. LC-MS or 13C-NMR is used to trace the 13C label into lactate, alanine, malate, citrate, and other TCA cycle intermediates.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, Pyruvic acid-13C sodium can be added to cell culture media as a tracer. Cells (e.g., cancer cells, hepatocytes, myocytes) are cultured in standard medium. The medium is replaced with glucose-free or reduced-glucose medium containing Pyruvic acid-13C sodium (1-10 mM) for 1-24 hours. At each time point, cells are harvested, and metabolites are extracted. LC-MS is used to trace the 13C label into lactate (by LDH), alanine (by ALT), acetyl-CoA, and TCA cycle intermediates.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, Pyruvic acid-13C sodium is administered to rodents via intravenous injection (bolus or continuous infusion) or intraperitoneal injection (50-200 mg/kg). Blood samples are collected at multiple time points (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 minutes). At terminal time points, tissues (liver, heart, brain) are harvested, snap-frozen, and stored at -80degC. Tissues are homogenized and analyzed by LC-MS or NMR to quantify 13C-labeled pyruvate and its metabolites. Breath 13CO2 can be collected to measure complete oxidation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pyruvic acid-13C sodium is a stable isotope tracer and has the same pharmacokinetics as natural sodium pyruvate. Pyruvate is a small, water-soluble molecule with a very short half-life in plasma (minutes). It is rapidly taken up by cells and metabolized, primarily via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to acetyl-CoA or via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to lactate. In the liver, pyruvate is a key gluconeogenic substrate. The 13C label enables precise tracking of these processes.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pyruvate is a naturally occurring and ubiquitous metabolite with very low toxicity. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is commonly used as a nutritional supplement and ingredient in cell culture media. The 13C-labeled version is chemically identical and is considered non-toxic. Even at high concentrations, it is well-tolerated by the body, as it is a standard intermediate in essential metabolic pathways. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic compounds apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pyruvic acid-13C sodium is not a drug but a 13C-labeled stable isotope research tracer. It has no approved therapeutic status as a labeled compound. It is used as a tracer for metabolic flux analysis in biochemistry and metabolomics, particularly for studying glycolysis, the TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism. It is also used in clinical research for diagnosing inborn errors of metabolism (e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency) and cancer metabolism. Available with ≥99 atom% 13C.
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| Molecular Formula |
C213CH3NAO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
111.04
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| Exact Mass |
111.001
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| CAS # |
87976-70-3
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| Related CAS # |
Pyruvic acid;127-17-3
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| PubChem CID |
16213478
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
>300ºC(lit.)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
7
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| Complexity |
88.2
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C[13C](=O)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-CGOMOMTCSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H4O3.Na/c1-2(4)3(5)6;/h1H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1/i2+1;
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;2-oxo(213C)propanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.0058 mL | 45.0288 mL | 90.0576 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8012 mL | 9.0058 mL | 18.0115 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9006 mL | 4.5029 mL | 9.0058 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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