| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-Glucose targets metabolic pathways as the primary energy source for cellular metabolism. It is involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle. Glucose serves as a signaling molecule that regulates cellular metabolic status and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The 13C-labeled form is used to trace glucose metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, D-glucose is used as a carbon source in cell culture media. The 13C-labeled form is used to trace glucose uptake and metabolism in cell lines. Glucose metabolism is assessed by measuring lactate production, oxygen consumption, and 13C incorporation into metabolic intermediates. The compound is used in studies of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-glucose is the primary energy source for all tissues. The 13C-labeled form is used in metabolic flux analysis to trace glucose metabolism in animal models. It is used to study glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Glucose serves as a critical signaling molecule related to cellular metabolic status and stress responses.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for hexokinase or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase involve incubating the enzyme with D-Glucose-13C and ATP or NADP⁺ in buffer at pH 7.4. Reaction products are quantified by LC-MS/MS. For glycolysis studies, cells are incubated with 13C-glucose, and labeled intermediates are analyzed by mass spectrometry. Kinetic parameters are determined by varying substrate concentrations.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, cells are cultured in glucose-free medium supplemented with D-Glucose-13C at concentrations of 1-25 mM. Glucose uptake is measured by LC-MS/MS. Glycolytic flux is assessed by measuring lactate production and 13C incorporation into glycolytic intermediates. Mitochondrial function is evaluated by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Metabolic flux analysis is performed using 13C tracing and mass spectrometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, D-Glucose-13C is administered to rodents via oral gavage, intravenous injection, or intraperitoneal injection at doses of 1-5 g/kg. Blood samples are collected at various time points for glucose tolerance testing. Plasma glucose and insulin levels are measured. 13C enrichment in blood glucose and other metabolites is quantified by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Metabolic flux analysis traces 13C incorporation into glycolytic and TCA cycle intermediates.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
D-Glucose-13C is highly soluble in water. It is stable under standard storage conditions. The 13C labeling provides a mass shift for MS detection. As glucose, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. It is metabolized through glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The compound has a molecular weight approximately 1 Da higher than unlabeled glucose due to the 13C atom.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Glucose is generally recognized as safe and is a normal component of the diet. The 13C-labeled form is not expected to exhibit additional toxicity. The compound is for research use only. No specific toxicity data are available for the labeled form; safety profiles are based on glucose, which is non-toxic at physiological concentrations. High doses may cause hyperglycemia.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
P-Glucose-13C (CAS# 101615-88-7) is a stable isotope-labeled compound used primarily as a tracer in metabolic studies. It has not been investigated in clinical trials nor approved as a therapeutic drug. The compound is widely used in research on glucose metabolism, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. It is also used in flux analysis to trace metabolic pathways in cells and tissues. The 13C-labeled form enables precise quantification of glucose and its metabolites in complex biological systems.
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| Molecular Formula |
C513CH12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
181.15
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| Exact Mass |
181.067
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| CAS # |
101615-88-7
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| Related CAS # |
D-Glucose;50-99-7
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| PubChem CID |
92043770
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-2.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
138
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
OC[C@H]([C@H]([13C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-BFPMOEKFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6+/m0/s1/i5+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy(313C)hexanal
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 100 mg/mL (552.03 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5203 mL | 27.6014 mL | 55.2029 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1041 mL | 5.5203 mL | 11.0406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5520 mL | 2.7601 mL | 5.5203 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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