| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope internal standard. The unlabeled gamma-butyrobetaine is a metabolite in the carnitine synthesis pathway. It is a substrate for the enzyme gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1), which converts it to carnitine in the liver and kidney. It is also a transporter substrate for the carnitine transporter 2 (CT2), involved in carnitine homeostasis.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope-labeled standard, (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 is not tested for in vitro pharmacological activity. The unlabeled gamma-butyrobetaine has been studied as a substrate for gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase and as a transporter substrate for CT2. It is also a precursor for carnitine biosynthesis. In cell culture, it can be used to study carnitine synthesis in hepatocytes. |
| ln Vivo |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 has no independent in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. The unlabeled gamma-butyrobetaine is an endogenous metabolite involved in carnitine biosynthesis. Elevated levels of gamma-butyrobetaine have been associated with cardiovascular disease risk. The deuterated version is used to quantify gamma-butyrobetaine levels in clinical and preclinical studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro LC-MS/MS quantification, (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (water, methanol, or 0.1% formic acid) to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 1 mg/mL). The internal standard is added to biological samples (plasma, urine, cell lysates) at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-500 ng/mL). Protein precipitation is performed by adding 3-5 volumes of methanol or acetonitrile containing the internal standard. After centrifugation (10,000-15,000 rpm, 10 minutes), the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The analyte-to-internal standard peak area ratio is used for quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 can be added to cell culture media as a tracer. Cells (e.g., primary hepatocytes, HepG2 cells) are cultured in standard medium. The medium is replaced with medium containing the labeled standard at a defined concentration (e.g., 10-100 uM). After incubation for 0-24 hours, cells are harvested. Carnitine and metabolites are extracted and analyzed by LC-MS to trace the conversion of labeled gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine via BBOX1.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 can be administered to rodents as a tracer via intravenous injection or oral gavage to study carnitine biosynthesis and the gut microbiome's role in generating TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide). Blood, urine, and liver samples are collected at multiple time points and analyzed by LC-MS. The tracer can also be used as an internal standard for quantifying endogenous gamma-butyrobetaine in samples from animals on different diets.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 is a tracer and does not have independent PK parameters. Unlabeled gamma-butyrobetaine is an endogenous metabolite. It is absorbed from the gut (also produced by gut microbiota), distributed to the liver and kidney, and converted to carnitine by BBOX1. The half-life of gamma-butyrobetaine in humans is approximately 2-4 hours. It is primarily eliminated in urine (as carnitine and unchanged gamma-butyrobetaine).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
gamma-Butyrobetaine is an endogenous metabolite and has low toxicity at physiological concentrations. However, elevated gamma-butyrobetaine levels have been associated with increased TMAO production by gut microbiota, which is linked to cardiovascular disease risk. The deuterated version is chemically identical and has the same safety profile. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling quaternary ammonium compounds (gloves, safety glasses) apply. Not for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 is not a drug but a deuterium-labeled stable isotope internal standard. It has no approved therapeutic status. It is used as an internal standard for GC-MS or LC-MS quantification of gamma-butyrobetaine in biological samples. It is also used to study carnitine biosynthesis, gut microbiota metabolism (TMAO pathway), and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. The unlabeled compound is a substrate for the carnitine transporter 2 (CT2) used in cloning and sequencing studies. Available with ≥98 atom% D.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H7D9CLNO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
190.72
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| Exact Mass |
181.087
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| CAS # |
85806-17-3
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| Related CAS # |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride;6249-56-5
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| PubChem CID |
71314460
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
1.359
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
110
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])[N+](CCCC(=O)[O-])(C([2H])([2H])[2H])C([2H])([2H])[2H].Cl
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| InChi Key |
GNRKTORAJTTYIW-KYRNGWDOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H15NO2.ClH/c1-8(2,3)6-4-5-7(9)10;/h4-6H2,1-3H3;1H/i1D3,2D3,3D3;
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| Chemical Name |
4-[tris(trideuteriomethyl)azaniumyl]butanoate;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 25 mg/mL (131.08 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2433 mL | 26.2164 mL | 52.4329 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0487 mL | 5.2433 mL | 10.4866 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5243 mL | 2.6216 mL | 5.2433 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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