| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Targets |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is a precursor to L-carnitine in mammals. It is a vasculopathic intermediate metabolite converted by intestinal microbes into TMAO. The compound is a quaternary ammonium zwitterion. It is also known as γ-butyrobetaine hydrochloride. Its role in carnitine biosynthesis and its conversion to TMAO by gut microbiota are key aspects of its biological activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is an L-carnitine intermediate metabolite. It is used to study carnitine biosynthesis and gut microbiota metabolism. The compound is a quaternary ammonium zwitterion. Its conversion to TMAO by intestinal microorganisms has been characterized. It is also known as betaine.
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| ln Vivo |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is an L-carnitine intermediate metabolite that intestinal microbes convert into TMAO [1]. Long-term cardiovascular mortality and arteriosclerosis are linked to 3-carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride [2].
In vivo, (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is a vasculopathic intermediate metabolite generated by intestinal microorganisms that feed on carnitine. It is converted by intestinal microbes into TMAO. The compound is a precursor to L-carnitine. Its levels may reflect gut microbiota activity and carnitine metabolism. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its physiological roles. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride involve measuring its conversion to L-carnitine. Enzyme activity of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase is assessed by monitoring the formation of L-carnitine from the compound. For gut microbiota studies, the compound is incubated with fecal samples and TMAO production is measured. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for (3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride are conducted in various cell lines and microbial cultures. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with the compound at varying concentrations. Carnitine biosynthesis is assessed. For gut microbiota studies, fecal samples are cultured with the compound and TMAO production is measured. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride in vivo studies are conducted in animal models for metabolic research. Animals are treated with the compound via oral administration or injection. Carnitine levels and TMAO levels in blood are measured. For gut microbiota studies, fecal samples are analyzed. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for biochemical analysis at study endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (MW 181.66 g/mol, C7H16ClNO2) is a quaternary ammonium zwitterion. It is also known as γ-butyrobetaine hydrochloride and deoxycarnitine hydrochloride. The compound is soluble in water and other appropriate solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution would be determined in species-specific studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride is generally well-tolerated as an endogenous metabolite. The compound is a precursor to L-carnitine. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be employed when handling this compound. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (γ-Butyrobetaine hydrochloride) is a quaternary ammonium zwitterion and the immediate biosynthetic precursor to L-carnitine in mammals. It is a vasculopathic intermediate metabolite generated by intestinal microorganisms from carnitine and converted to TMAO. Its molecular formula is C7H16ClNO2 with a molecular weight of 181.66 g/mol. All applications are limited to non-human research use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H16CLNO2
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| Molecular Weight |
181.6604
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| Exact Mass |
181.086
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| CAS # |
6249-56-5
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| Related CAS # |
(3-Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium-d9 chloride;85806-17-3
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| PubChem CID |
22620
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
220ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
115
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
GNRKTORAJTTYIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H15NO2.ClH/c1-8(2,3)6-4-5-7(9)10;/h4-6H2,1-3H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
3-carboxypropyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~550.48 mM)
DMSO : ~30 mg/mL (~165.14 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5048 mL | 27.5239 mL | 55.0479 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1010 mL | 5.5048 mL | 11.0096 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5505 mL | 2.7524 mL | 5.5048 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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