| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Alanine-d4 has no independent pharmacological target as a stable isotope tracer. The unlabeled L-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism (glucose-alanine cycle), where it transports nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver. L-Alanine is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and central nervous system.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope tracer, L-Alanine-d4 is not tested for in vitro pharmacological activity. In cell culture studies, it is used to trace alanine metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and protein synthesis rates. The deuterium label enables precise tracking of alanine uptake, transamination, and incorporation into cellular proteins and glucose. L-Alanine is also a common and essential supplement in many cell culture media formulations. |
| ln Vivo |
L-Alanine-d4 has no independent in vivo pharmacological activity as a therapeutic agent. It is used in animal and human studies as a stable isotope tracer to measure glucose and alanine metabolism, particularly in studies of diabetes and metabolic disorders. The unlabeled L-alanine is a conditionally essential amino acid in certain disease states, such as in critically ill patients. L-Alanine-d4 is used to trace whole-body alanine flux.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro LC-MS/MS quantification, L-Alanine-d4 is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (water, 0.1% formic acid, or methanol) to prepare a stock solution (e.g., 1 mg/mL). The internal standard is added to biological samples (plasma, serum, cell lysates) at a fixed concentration (e.g., 10-500 ng/mL). Protein precipitation is performed by adding 3-5 volumes of methanol or acetonitrile containing the standard. After centrifugation, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, L-Alanine-d4 can be added to cell culture media as a tracer. Cells (e.g., hepatocytes, myocytes) are cultured in standard medium. The medium is replaced with medium containing L-Alanine-d4 (10-500 uM). After 1-48 hours, cells are harvested, and metabolites are extracted. LC-MS is used to trace the label into alanine, pyruvate, glucose, and TCA cycle intermediates.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, L-Alanine-d4 is administered to rodents via intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection (50-200 mg/kg), or oral gavage. Blood samples are collected at multiple time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes). Plasma is analyzed by GC-MS or LC-MS to measure 2H enrichment. For glucose-alanine cycle studies, 13C-glucose may be co-administered.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Alanine-d4 is a stable isotope tracer and has the same pharmacokinetics as natural L-alanine. L-Alanine is a small, hydrophilic amino acid with rapid absorption (Tmax ∼30-60 min), distribution to all tissues, and a plasma half-life of ∼30-60 minutes. It is a major gluconeogenic substrate, with the liver extracting ∼50-70% of portal alanine for glucose production. Alanine is excreted minimally unchanged; most is transaminated to pyruvate.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Alanine is a naturally occurring, non-essential amino acid with very low toxicity (GRAS status). The LD50 in rodents is >5,000 mg/kg. The deuterated version is chemically identical and has the same safety profile. Standard laboratory safety precautions apply. Not intended for human consumption. L-Alanine is used as a dietary supplement and in parenteral nutrition.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
L-alanine-2,3,3,3-d4 is a deuterated compound, a derivative of L-alanine in which the α-hydrogen and three methyl hydrogens are replaced by deuterium atoms. It is an L-α-amino acid, belonging to the alanine family, and is also a deuterated compound.
L-Alanine-d4 is not a drug but a stable isotope-labeled research tracer. It has no approved therapeutic status. It is used as an internal standard for LC-MS quantification of alanine in biological samples, as a tracer for metabolic studies of gluconeogenesis (glucose-alanine cycle), and for protein turnover studies. It is also used in clinical research for studying diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and inborn errors of metabolism. Available with ≥98% atom% D. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H3D4NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
93.12
|
| Exact Mass |
93.072
|
| CAS # |
18806-29-6
|
| Related CAS # |
L-Alanine;56-41-7
|
| PubChem CID |
12205373
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
212.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
314.5ºC (dec.)(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
82.6±22.6 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.460
|
| LogP |
-0.68
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
6
|
| Complexity |
61.8
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
[2H][C@@](C(=O)O)(C([2H])([2H])[2H])N
|
| InChi Key |
QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-IALWIIEESA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1/i1D3,2D
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-2,3,3,3-tetradeuteriopropanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 125 mg/mL (1342.35 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 10.7388 mL | 53.6942 mL | 107.3883 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.1478 mL | 10.7388 mL | 21.4777 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.0739 mL | 5.3694 mL | 10.7388 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
