| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
omega-Hydroxy-DEET is a metabolite of the insect repellent DEET and is not intended as a drug. DEET acts as a spatial repellent and an irritant, interfering with the olfactory receptors of insects to prevent contact. This hydroxylated metabolite, however, has been identified to have its own biological activity in human cells, specifically anti-proliferative effects on certain cell lines, indicating its potential to interact with mammalian cellular targets.
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| ln Vitro |
Studies on hepatoma cells show that treatments with ω-Hydroxy-DEET (DHMB; 0.1–10 μg/mL; 48–72 hours) reduce cellular proliferation[1].
In vitro, omega-Hydroxy-DEET exhibits anti-proliferative effects. This activity has been observed in various cell lines, suggesting it is not merely an inactive waste product. The specific mechanism of this anti-proliferative activity is an area of research, but it represents a significant biological interaction of this common environmental chemical at the cellular level. This makes it a tool for studying the potential non-target effects of DEET exposure. |
| ln Vivo |
The metabolite ω-Hydroxy-DEET (DHMB) is widely disseminated in rats after DEET is applied topically and intravenously. The primary metabolite of DEET seemed to be the ω-Hydroxy-DEET. Elevated levels of ω-Hydroxy-DEET were seen in the liver after 30 days of once-daily topical application[1].
In vivo, omega-Hydroxy-DEET is a major metabolite found in the urine of humans and animals after topical or intravenous application of DEET. Its presence serves as a biomarker of DEET exposure. While DEET is designed to repel insects, the systemic absorption of its metabolite raises questions about potential biological effects. The standard is used to measure the body's burden of DEET, which is essential for toxicokinetic and safety studies. |
| Enzyme Assay |
omega-Hydroxy-DEET is used as an analytical standard for non-cellular assays. For LC-MS method development, a stock solution is prepared by dissolving the standard in an organic solvent like methanol or acetonitrile. This solution is used to create a calibration curve to quantify this metabolite in biological samples (e.g., plasma, urine). It is essential for determining the concentration of the metabolite, allowing researchers to calculate the rate of DEET metabolism and elimination.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, omega-Hydroxy-DEET can be used as a treatment to study its anti-proliferative effects. Cells (e.g., cancer cell lines or primary cells) are seeded in multi-well plates and grown to near confluence. They are then treated with various concentrations of omega-Hydroxy-DEET (e.g., 0.1-100 uM). After 24-72 hours of incubation, cell viability and proliferation are assessed using the MTT assay, CellTiter-Glo, or by direct cell counting. This allows researchers to determine the IC50 for the anti-proliferative effect.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, omega-Hydroxy-DEET is not administered as a drug for its own effect. It is used as a standard to quantify DEET metabolism. For example, rats are treated topically or intravenously with DEET. Blood and urine samples are collected over time. The omega-Hydroxy-DEET standard is used to create a calibration curve for LC-MS to measure the concentration of this metabolite in the samples. This data is used to calculate the rate of formation and elimination of this major metabolite.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism/Metabolite
N,N-Diethyl-m-hydroxymethylbenzamide is a known human metabolite of DEET. omega-Hydroxy-DEET is a primary metabolite of DEET, and its pharmacokinetic parameters reflect the clearance of its parent compound. In humans, DEET is rapidly absorbed and eliminated, with a half-life of approximately 2-4 hours. The omega-Hydroxy metabolite would follow a similar time course, being produced and then eliminated, mainly via renal excretion. The standard is used to define this specific metabolic pathway. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
DEET is widely used and considered safe for topical application, but it is a known neurotoxicant at high doses. The specific toxicological profile of omega-Hydroxy-DEET is less defined than its parent. As an analytical standard, it is used in small, non-toxic quantities for research. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling organic chemicals should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DEET metabolites; structures are described in the first source.
omega-Hydroxy-DEET is not a drug but a research-use metabolite and analytical standard. Its primary application is in the fields of environmental health, toxicology, and forensic science. It is used to study the human and environmental exposure to DEET, to monitor occupational safety, and to investigate the toxicokinetics of insect repellents. By acting as a biomarker for exposure, it is crucial for understanding the safety profile of one of the most widely used insect repellents in the world. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H17NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
207.27
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| Exact Mass |
207.126
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| CAS # |
72236-22-7
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| PubChem CID |
155712
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.082g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
383.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
185.5ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.542
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| LogP |
1.66
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
202
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(=C1)CO
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| InChi Key |
FRZJZRVZZNTMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H17NO2/c1-3-13(4-2)12(15)11-7-5-6-10(8-11)9-14/h5-8,14H,3-4,9H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
N,N-diethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)benzamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8246 mL | 24.1231 mL | 48.2462 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9649 mL | 4.8246 mL | 9.6492 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4825 mL | 2.4123 mL | 4.8246 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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