| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride acts as a weak cholinergic agonist. It is an important intermediate in lipid metabolism. The compound is involved in the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation, supporting cellular energy production. Its cholinergic properties may contribute to its neuroprotective and cognitive effects.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Acetylcarnitine's role in the metabolism of carbohydrates is suggested by the blowfly's large increases in acetylcarnitine concentration during flight and the presence of an active acetylcarnitine transferase. The brain tissue-isolated choline acetylase system produces acetylcarnitine, which cholinesterase subsequently degrades[2].
In cell-free systems, (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride is studied for its role as an intermediate in lipid metabolism. It is a substrate for enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Its weak cholinergic agonist activity can be assessed in receptor binding or functional assays, though it is not a potent activator of cholinergic receptors. In cellular assays, (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride is used to study lipid metabolism and energy production. It supports mitochondrial function by facilitating fatty acid transport. Its neuroprotective properties are investigated in neuronal cell cultures, where it may protect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. |
| ln Vivo |
When 2 mg (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride is infused into rats, the blood flow via the hind limb vasculature is reduced by 50%. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on the isolated rabbit duodenum is potentiated by (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride[3].
In vivo, (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride has been studied for its neuroprotective and metabolic-enhancing properties. In rats, infusion of 2 mg of the compound decreases blood flow through the hind limb vasculature by 50%. It also potentiates the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on the isolated rabbit duodenum. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride are not typically performed for receptor binding, as it is not a potent receptor ligand. Instead, its role in lipid metabolism is studied using enzyme assays that measure fatty acid oxidation or acylcarnitine transferase activity.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride are conducted using cell lines or primary neurons. Cells are treated with the compound, and markers of mitochondrial function, such as ATP levels and oxygen consumption, are measured. Neuroprotective effects are assessed by measuring cell viability and oxidative stress markers.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies on (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride have been conducted in animal models. The compound is administered via injection or orally, and its effects on metabolism, cognition, and neuropathy are assessed. These studies help to elucidate its potential therapeutic benefits for conditions such as cognitive decline and mitochondrial dysfunction.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics of (±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride are consistent with those of a small, water-soluble molecule. It is rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues, including the brain. It is metabolized and excreted in the urine. Its acetyl group can be utilized in metabolic pathways.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
(±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride is generally considered safe and well-tolerated. It is a naturally occurring substance and is used as a dietary supplement. High doses may cause gastrointestinal upset. Comprehensive toxicological data are available from its use as a supplement.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
(±)-Acetylcarnitine chloride is a research compound used in studies on cognitive function, neuropathy, aging, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Its weak cholinergic agonist activity and role in lipid metabolism make it a valuable tool for studying energy metabolism and neuroprotection. It is not approved as a drug but is available as a research reagent.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C9H18CLNO4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
239.70
|
| Exact Mass |
239.092
|
| CAS # |
2504-11-2
|
| PubChem CID |
197763
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
219
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)O)C[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-]
|
| InChi Key |
JATPLOXBFFRHDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H17NO4.ClH/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4;/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
(2-acetyloxy-3-carboxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (417.19 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1719 mL | 20.8594 mL | 41.7188 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8344 mL | 4.1719 mL | 8.3438 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4172 mL | 2.0859 mL | 4.1719 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
