| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary molecular target of Albanin A is adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme that converts ATP to the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP). Albanin A inhibits glutamate release and exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing Ca2+/calmodulin/adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) activation in synaptosomes. It also exhibits tyrosinase inhibitory activity (as a prenylated flavone), making it useful for studying melanin biosynthesis. In silico studies have also suggested potential binding to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Albanin A is a flavonoid that inhibits glutamate release and exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing Ca2+/calmodulin/AC1 activation in synaptosomes. This mechanism involves blocking the Ca2+-dependent activation of AC1, thereby reducing cAMP production and downstream signaling pathways that lead to excessive glutamate release and excitotoxicity. Albanin A also exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and shows tyrosinase inhibitory activity. At concentrations of 10-50 uM, Albanin A protects primary neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Albanin A exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting glutamate release and AC1 activation. The compound has been shown to reduce neuronal damage in animal models of cerebral ischemia and excitotoxicity. By blocking the Ca2+/calmodulin/AC1 pathway, Albanin A reduces excessive glutamate release, which is a key mediator of neuronal injury in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. The compound is isolated from Morus alba (white mulberry) root bark, which is used in traditional medicine for its purported neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory benefits.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Albanin A binds to adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) and inhibits its Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation. The binding affinity can be assessed using an in vitro AC1 enzyme activity assay. Recombinant AC1 protein is incubated with varying concentrations of Albanin A (0.1-100 uM) in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin to activate the enzyme. The reaction mixture also contains ATP (1 mM) and MgCl2 (5 mM). After 30 minutes at 30degC, the reaction is stopped by boiling, and the amount of cAMP produced is quantified using a competitive ELISA or a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) cAMP kit. A reduction in cAMP levels indicates AC1 inhibition.
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| Cell Assay |
A cellular assay to assess neuroprotection uses primary cortical neurons isolated from embryonic day 18 (E18) rat or mouse embryos. Neurons are plated in 96-well plates and allowed to mature for 7-10 days in vitro (DIV). Cells are pre-treated with Albanin A (1-50 uM) for 1 hour, then exposed to 50-100 uM glutamate or 25-50 uM NMDA for 30 minutes to induce excitotoxic injury. After 24 hours, cell viability is assessed by MTT or LDH release assays. The percent protection against glutamate-induced cell death is calculated. Albanin A treatment should significantly reduce excitotoxicity compared to vehicle control.
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| Animal Protocol |
An in vivo protocol to assess neuroprotection uses the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in rats or mice. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) are anesthetized, and a monofilament is inserted into the MCA via the external carotid artery to induce 60-90 minutes of ischemia, followed by reperfusion. Albanin A is administered intraperitoneally (e.g., 5-20 mg/kg) at the onset of reperfusion and then once daily for 3-7 days. Neurological deficit scores are assessed daily using a standardized scoring system (e.g., 0-4 scale). At the end of the study, animals are euthanized, and brain sections are stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to measure infarct volume. A reduction in infarct volume and improvement in neurological score indicate neuroprotective efficacy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No specific pharmacokinetic data for Albanin A is provided in the available references. As a prenylated flavone (molecular weight approximately 422.5 g/mol for the prenylated flavone structure), Albanin A has moderate lipophilicity (LogP likely 3.0-4.0), which may facilitate absorption and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. However, like many flavonoids, Albanin A may undergo extensive first-pass metabolism (glucuronidation, sulfation) and may have low oral bioavailability unless administered intraperitoneally or intravenously. Further ADME studies are needed for in vivo characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicological data for isolated Albanin A is provided. Morus alba (white mulberry) root bark has a long history of use in traditional medicine, suggesting that the compound may have a favorable safety profile at typical dietary or traditional medicine exposure levels. However, high doses of prenylated flavonoids may have cytotoxic effects due to their lipophilic nature and potential for membrane disruption. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling natural products should be followed, and the compound is not intended for human use without appropriate safety testing.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Albanin A belongs to the flavonoid family. It has been reported to exist in Artocarpus tonkinensis, Artocarpus gomezianus, and other organisms with relevant data.
Albanin A is a prenylated flavone natural product belonging to the flavonoid class of secondary metabolites. It was originally isolated from Artocarpus tonkinensis and Brosimopsis oblongifolia and is also found in Morus alba (white mulberry) root bark and Artocarpus gomezianus (a tropical fruit tree of the Moraceae family). As a prenylated flavone, Albanin A features a C5-isoprenoid substituent (3-methylbut-2-enyl group) at the 3-position of the flavone core, which enhances its lipophilicity and membrane permeability relative to non-prenylated flavonoids. The compound exhibits neuroprotective activity through inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) and subsequent reduction of glutamate release and excitotoxicity. Albanin A also demonstrates tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antimicrobial activity, and anti-inflammatory properties. It serves as a chemical marker for the quality assessment of Morus (mulberry) root bark in traditional medicine quality control programs. In silico studies have also suggested potential binding to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), though this requires experimental validation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H18O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
354.35
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| Exact Mass |
354.11
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| CAS # |
73343-42-7
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| PubChem CID |
5481961
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.408g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
621.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
220 - 227 °C
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| Flash Point |
225.4ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.678
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| LogP |
3.791
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
605
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)O)C
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| InChi Key |
KEIIIPKLVSSAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H18O6/c1-10(2)3-5-14-19(25)18-16(24)8-12(22)9-17(18)26-20(14)13-6-4-11(21)7-15(13)23/h3-4,6-9,21-24H,5H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8221 mL | 14.1103 mL | 28.2207 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5644 mL | 2.8221 mL | 5.6441 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2822 mL | 1.4110 mL | 2.8221 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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