| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
L-type calcium channel
L-type calcium channels (Ca channels) in guinea-pig ventricular heart cells [2]. EC₅₀: 0.8 μM (for blocking L-type calcium current) [2]. Maximum inhibition: 85% at 5 μM [2]. Hill coefficient: 2.37 [2]. Sodium channels (Na channels) in guinea-pig ventricular heart cells [2]. At 10 μM, blocked 26.7 ± 4.3% of sodium current [2]. At 1 μM, blocked 7.6 ± 2.7% of sodium current [2]. |
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| ln Vitro |
The staining of intracellular organelles and structures with ruthenium red appears to be dependent on the dose and duration of exposure to the reagent [2]. With an EC50 of 0.8 μM, ruthenium red efficiently and dose-dependently inhibits L-type calcium currents in isolated guinea pig ventricular heart cells [2]. In isolated guinea pig ventricular heart cells, ruthenium red (10 μM) inhibits 26.7% of sodium current, slows down its inactivation time course, and blocks sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release channels or mitochondrial Ca2+ absorption [2].
Block of L-type calcium current (ICa): Ruthenium red blocked the L-type calcium current in a dose-dependent manner. Significant block was observed at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM. The EC₅₀ was 0.8 μM, maximum inhibition of 85% was reached at 5 μM, and the Hill coefficient was 2.37 [2]. Voltage-dependence of ICa: Ruthenium red did not shift the voltage-dependence of calcium current activation or steady-state inactivation (determined with a 1-second prepulse). However, removal of calcium current inactivation at positive voltages was considerably reduced at concentrations above 1 μM. A slowing of the inactivation time course of the calcium current was also observed [2]. Block of sodium current (INa): At 10 μM (a concentration commonly used to block sarcoplasmic Ca release channels or mitochondrial Ca uptake), ruthenium red blocked 26.7 ± 4.3% (n=8) of the sodium current and slowed its inactivation time course. No effect was observed on the voltage-dependence of current activation or inactivation. At 1 μM, the peak sodium current was decreased by 7.6 ± 2.7% (n=3) [2]. Kinetics of INa: Ruthenium red (10 μM) significantly increased the half-width (width at 50% of peak amplitude) of the transient sodium current for potentials between -30 and +30 mV, and almost abolished the voltage-dependence of the maximum inactivation rate of the sodium current. The time to peak current was not significantly affected [2]. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Whole-cell patch-clamp technique: Freshly isolated guinea-pig ventricular heart cells were used. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to study L-type calcium and sodium currents at room temperature (22-25°C). To record specific ionic currents, cells were locally superfused with solutions that blocked all other currents. For calcium current experiments, the extracellular solution contained (in mM): TEACl 140, CaCl₂ 1.8, MgCl₂ 1, HEPES 10, glucose 11 (pH 7.3 with TEAOH). The intracellular pipette solution contained (in mM): CsCl 110, TEACl 30, MgCl₂ 1, MgATP 5, EGTA 10, HEPES 10 (pH 7.3 with TEAOH). For sodium current recordings, the extracellular solution contained (in mM): NaCl 30, TEACl 110, CaCl₂ 1, MgCl₂ 1, CoCl₂ 2, GdCl₃ 0.1, HEPES 10, glucose 11 (pH 7.3 with TEAOH). Data were acquired at 6.7 kHz (Ca current) or 25 kHz (Na current) and filtered with an 8-pole lowpass Bessel filter at 5 kHz. A P/5 subtraction protocol was used to remove linear capacitive currents during Na current experiments [2].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell isolation: Guinea-pig heart cells were enzymatically isolated from the left ventricle. Dissociated cells were placed in a small chamber on an inverted microscope and continuously superfused with normal Tyrode solution [2].
Calcium current recordings: Currents were elicited by 150 ms depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -80 mV to 0 mV at 0.1 Hz. Current-voltage relationships were obtained by applying depolarizing pulses from -80 mV to various test potentials. Steady-state inactivation was determined using a double-pulse protocol: 1-second inactivating prepulses from -100 mV to various potentials, followed by a 400 ms test pulse to 0 mV after an 8 ms repolarization interval to the holding potential [2]. Sodium current recordings: Currents were elicited by 20 ms depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -110 mV to test potentials. Current-voltage relationships were obtained by applying pulses from -50 to +60 mV. Steady-state inactivation was determined using a double-pulse protocol: 500 ms inactivating prepulses from -100 mV to -20 mV, followed by a 30 ms test pulse to -10 mV after a 1 ms repolarization interval to the holding potential [2]. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ruthenium red (structural formula: (NH₃)₅Ru-O-Ru(NH₃)₄-O-Ru(NH₃)₅Cl₆) is a synthetic crystalline inorganic polycationic dye [2].
The ruthenium red used in this study was obtained from a commercial source and was approximately 50% pure. The actual concentration was estimated to be about 50% of the indicated concentration [2]. At concentrations used to assess intracellular Ca movements (e.g., to block sarcoplasmic Ca release channels or mitochondrial Ca uptake), ruthenium red induced significant block of both Ca and Na channels in heart cells [2]. The rapid onset of calcium current block suggests an extracellular site of action, possibly involving binding to negatively charged amino acid residues at the outer mouth of Ca channels. The slower phase of block may indicate an intracellular effect or a progressive dephosphorylation process [2]. |
| Molecular Formula |
CL6H42N14O2RU3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
786.35
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| Exact Mass |
785.887
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| CAS # |
11103-72-3
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| PubChem CID |
117587625
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| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
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| Density |
3.11
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| Melting Point |
>500ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
14
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
22
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
0
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.[O-2].[O-2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3].[Ru+3].[Ru+4]
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| InChi Key |
GOOXRYWLNNXLFL-UHFFFAOYSA-H
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/6ClH.14H3N.2O.3Ru/h6*1H;14*1H3;;;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;2*-2;2*+3;+4/p-6
|
| Chemical Name |
azane;bis(oxygen(2-));bis(ruthenium(3+));ruthenium(4+);hexachloride
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| Synonyms |
KU6M163B0R; DTXSID80108179; C.I. 77800; Red, Ruthenium; ...; 11103-72-3;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 10 mg/mL (12.72 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2717 mL | 6.3585 mL | 12.7170 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2543 mL | 1.2717 mL | 2.5434 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1272 mL | 0.6358 mL | 1.2717 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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