| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
|
||
| 25mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ki: Dopamine receptor; 5-HT receptor[1][2]
(Rac)-Rotigotine targets dopamine receptors, 5-HT1A receptors, and α2B-adrenergic receptors. It is a full agonist at dopamine D3 (Ki = 0.71 nM), D2 (Ki = 4-15 nM), D5 (Ki = 4-15 nM), and D4 (Ki = 4-15 nM) receptors. It is a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor. It shows 10-fold selectivity for D3 over D2, D4, and D5 receptors. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
For D3 (pKi=9.2) receptors, rotigotine exhibits a 10-fold selectivity in comparison to D2, D4, and D5 (pKi=8.5-8.0) receptors, and a 100-fold selectivity in comparison to D1 receptors (pKi=7.2). Rotigotine Rotigotine (10 μM) reduces the number of neurons in primary mesencephalic cell culture by 40% in functional investigations. Is dopaminergic neurons slightly protected against MPP+ by rotigotine (0.01 μM)?toxicity, dramatically prevents rotenone-induced cell death in dopaminergic neurons, and dramatically reduces rotenone's generation of reactive oxygen species[4].
In vitro, Rotigotine has a 10-fold selectivity for D3 (pKi=9.2) receptors compared with D2, D4 and D5 (pKi=8.5-8.0) and a 100-fold selectivity compared with D1 receptors (pKi=7.2). In functional studies, Rotigotine behaves as a full agonist at all dopamine receptors. Rotigotine (10 μM) decreases the number of THir neurons by 40% in primary mesencephalic cell culture. Rotigotine (0.01 μM) slightly protects dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ toxicity and significantly protects against rotenone-induced cell death. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Rotigotine is FDA-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. As a dopamine receptor agonist, it produces effects consistent with dopaminergic stimulation, including improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. The racemic mixture (Rac)-Rotigotine is used in research to study the pharmacological effects of both enantiomers. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy data for the racemate specifically are limited.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based receptor binding assays, (Rac)-Rotigotine can be evaluated using membrane preparations from cells expressing human dopamine D1-D5 receptors, 5-HT1A receptors, or α2B-adrenergic receptors. Radioligand binding displacement experiments are performed using suitable radiolabeled ligands such as [3H]-spiperone for dopamine D2-like receptors or [3H]-8-OH-DPAT for 5-HT1A. Membrane homogenates are incubated with increasing concentrations of the test compound and a fixed concentration of the radioligand at room temperature for 60-90 minutes. Bound radioligand is separated from free by rapid filtration through glass fiber filters. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of excess unlabeled ligand. Ki values are calculated from displacement curves using nonlinear regression analysis.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, cells expressing dopamine receptors, 5-HT1A receptors, or α2B-adrenergic receptors are cultured in appropriate media. For functional assays, cAMP accumulation (for dopamine D1-like receptors) or inhibition of cAMP accumulation (for dopamine D2-like receptors and 5-HT1A) is measured. Cells are treated with various concentrations of (Rac)-Rotigotine, and cAMP levels are measured using ELISA or HTRF-based detection. For neuroprotection assays, primary mesencephalic cell cultures are treated with the compound and neuronal survival is assessed.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, (Rac)-Rotigotine can be administered to rodents via subcutaneous injection or transdermal administration. In models of Parkinson's disease (e.g., 6-OHDA-lesioned rats or MPTP-treated mice), motor function is assessed following compound administration. In models of restless legs syndrome, locomotor activity and sensory responses are evaluated. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific model and desired exposure levels. Blood and tissue samples may be collected for pharmacokinetic analysis.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(Rac)-Rotigotine has a molecular weight of 315.47 and a molecular formula of C19H25NOS. It has a purity of 97%. The compound should be stored at 4°C, protected from light, and stored under nitrogen. In solvent, it can be stored at -80°C for 6 months or at -20°C for 1 month. It is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation There is currently no information regarding the use of rotigotine during lactation, but this drug suppresses serum prolactin levels, which may affect breastfeeding. Especially when breastfeeding newborns or premature infants, alternative medications are recommended. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found regarding breastfeeding mothers. Rotigotine lowers serum prolactin levels. For mothers who have established lactation, prolactin levels may not affect their ability to breastfeed. The toxicity profile of (Rac)-Rotigotine is expected to be similar to that of Rotigotine. Rotigotine is FDA-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and has a well-established safety profile. Common adverse effects may include nausea, dizziness, somnolence, and orthostatic hypotension. The racemic mixture is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard toxicological evaluation would include acute and repeated-dose toxicity studies. |
| References |
[1]. Rotigotine is a potent agonist at dopamine D1 receptors as well as at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;172(4):1124-35.
[2]. The in vitro receptor profile of rotigotine: a new agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;379(1):73-86. [3]. In vivo dopamine agonist properties of rotigotine: Role of D1 and D2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Oct 5;788:183-91. [4]. Neuroprotective effect of rotigotine against complex I inhibitors, MPP+ and rotenone, in primary mesencephalic cell culture. Folia Neuropathol. 2014;52(2):179-86. |
| Additional Infomation |
6-{propyl[2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]amino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphth-1-ol is a member of the tetrahydronaphthyl group.
See also: Rotigotine (note moved to). (Rac)-Rotigotine (N-0437, CAS 92206-54-7) is the racemate of Rotigotine. Rotigotine is a full agonist of dopamine receptors, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist of the α2B-adrenergic receptor. It is FDA-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (Rac)-Rotigotine is used in research to study the pharmacological effects of both enantiomers. It is available for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H25NOS
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
315.47
|
| Exact Mass |
315.165
|
| CAS # |
92206-54-7
|
| Related CAS # |
(Rac)-Rotigotine hydrochloride;102120-99-0;(Rac)-Rotigotine-d3 hydrochloride;1215846-20-0;(Rac)-Rotigotine-d7 hydrochloride
|
| PubChem CID |
57537
|
| Appearance |
Brown to black solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
470.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
238.1±28.7 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.611
|
| LogP |
4.96
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
22
|
| Complexity |
337
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
OC1C2CCC(CC=2C=CC=1)N(CCC)CCC1=CC=CS1
|
| InChi Key |
KFQYTPMOWPVWEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H25NOS/c1-2-11-20(12-10-17-6-4-13-22-17)16-8-9-18-15(14-16)5-3-7-19(18)21/h3-7,13,16,21H,2,8-12,14H2,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
6-[propyl(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1699 mL | 15.8494 mL | 31.6987 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6340 mL | 3.1699 mL | 6.3397 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3170 mL | 1.5849 mL | 3.1699 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00001931
Conditions:Parkinson DiseaseProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
