| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
m-CPBG hydrochloride targets the 5-HT3 receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel. It selectively binds 5-HT3 with a Ki of 0.002 µM, showing selectivity over 5-HT1A (Ki = 10 µM) and 5-HT2 (Ki = 10 µM) receptors. It also binds to high and low affinity sites on the dopamine transporter (DAT) with IC50 values of 0.4 and 34.8 µM, respectively, in rat caudate putamen synaptosomal membranes.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, m-CPBG induces depolarization of isolated rat vagus nerve with an EC50 of 0.05 µM and stimulates inositol phosphate formation in rat frontocingulate cortical slices with an EC50 of 4.2 µM. The compound's ability to activate 5-HT3 receptors leads to ion flux and neuronal depolarization. It is used as a pharmacological tool to study 5-HT3 receptor function and serotonergic signaling pathways. The compound shows selectivity for 5-HT3 over other serotonin receptor subtypes.
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| ln Vivo |
Water intake brought on by acute salt loading is considerably reduced by m-CPBG hydrochloride (80 and 160 nM)[1]. In hypovolemic rats, m-CPBG hydrochloride (third ventricle injection; 160 nM) dramatically reduces water consumption[1]. In dehydrated rats, m-CPBG hydrochloride (third ventricle injection; 320 nM) decreases water intake[1]. When central cholinergic and angiotensinergic pathways are pharmacologically activated, m-CPBG hydrochloride (central administration) decreases the intake of water[1].
In vivo, m-CPBG hydrochloride is used as a pharmacological tool to study 5-HT3 receptor-mediated effects in animal models. As a 5-HT3 agonist, it would be expected to produce effects consistent with 5-HT3 receptor activation, including modulation of neurotransmitter release and regulation of emetic responses. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacological studies are limited. The compound is primarily used in research settings rather than for therapeutic applications. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based receptor binding assays, m-CPBG hydrochloride can be evaluated using membrane preparations from cells expressing human 5-HT3 receptors. Radioligand binding displacement experiments are performed using a suitable radiolabeled ligand such as [3H]-GR65630. Membrane homogenates are incubated with increasing concentrations of the test compound and a fixed concentration of the radioligand at room temperature for 60-90 minutes. Bound radioligand is separated from free by rapid filtration through glass fiber filters. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of excess unlabeled MDL-72222. Ki values are calculated from displacement curves using nonlinear regression analysis.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, cells expressing human 5-HT3 receptors (e.g., HEK293 cells) are cultured in appropriate media. For functional assays, calcium influx is measured using fluorescent calcium indicators such as Fluo-4 AM. Cells are loaded with the dye and treated with various concentrations of m-CPBG hydrochloride. Fluorescence intensity is measured using a fluorescence plate reader. The increase in calcium signal compared to control wells indicates agonist activity. EC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. For inositol phosphate formation assays, cells are pre-labeled with [3H]-myo-inositol and treated with the compound, and [3H]-inositol phosphate accumulation is measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Wistar male rats[1]
Doses: 80, 160 and 320 nM Route of Administration: Ventricle injection Experimental Results: diminished water intake induced by water deprivation, acute salt load and hypovolemia. For in vivo animal studies, m-CPBG hydrochloride can be administered to rodents via intraperitoneal injection. In models of emesis, the compound's ability to induce vomiting or retching is assessed. In models of pain or inflammation, its effects on nociceptive responses are evaluated. In models of psychiatric disorders, its effects on behavior are assessed. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific model and desired exposure levels. Blood and tissue samples may be collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
m-CPBG hydrochloride has a molecular formula of C8H10ClN5·HCl and a molecular weight of 264.11. It is a solid with a purity of ≥95%. The compound is soluble in DMF (30 mg/ml), DMSO (20 mg/ml), ethanol (5 mg/ml), and PBS (pH 7.2, 5 mg/ml). It has a λmax of 257 nm. The compound should be stored at -20°C and shipped at room temperature. It is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of m-CPBG hydrochloride has not been extensively reported. As a 5-HT3 receptor agonist, potential adverse effects may include emesis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and modulation of neurotransmitter release. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard toxicological evaluation would include acute and repeated-dose toxicity studies, as well as assessment of effects on the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
m-CPBG hydrochloride (1-(3-Chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride, CAS 2113-05-5) is a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist. It selectively binds 5-HT3 over 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors with Kis of 0.002, 10, and 10 µM, respectively. It induces depolarization of isolated rat vagus nerve (EC50 = 0.05 µM) and stimulates inositol phosphate formation in rat frontocingulate cortical slices (EC50 = 4.2 µM). It is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H11CL2N5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
248.11
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| Exact Mass |
247.039
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| CAS # |
2113-05-5
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| PubChem CID |
2730228
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.49g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
434.1ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
190-194 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
216.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
9.74E-08mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.335
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
246
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC(=C1)Cl)N=C(N)N=C(N)N.Cl
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| InChi Key |
FOWAIJYHRWFTHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H10ClN5.ClH/c9-5-2-1-3-6(4-5)13-8(12)14-7(10)11;/h1-4H,(H6,10,11,12,13,14);1H
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| Chemical Name |
2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(diaminomethylidene)guanidine;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 125 mg/mL (503.81 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0305 mL | 20.1524 mL | 40.3047 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8061 mL | 4.0305 mL | 8.0609 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4030 mL | 2.0152 mL | 4.0305 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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